Black Arts & Black Aesthetic Essay Example for Free

Dark Arts Black Esthetic Essay Larry Neal’s â€Å"Black Arts Movements† and Addison Gayle’s â€Å"The Black Aesthetic† are two indistinguishable statements of purpose for the dark crowd: set yourself apart from the white culture and give your way of life the acknowledgment it merits. The two pieces are comparative in thoughts and purposes. The dark networks were worn out on continually adjusting to the methods of the white culture since it was the â€Å"right† approach to act. The dark network needed to characterize their own way of life and these pieces were uplifting statements for blacks to step outside the white perspectives and acting and venture into their very own acknowledgment urbanity. When the distinctions were acknowledged that’s when you begin seeing the various connections among whites and blacks. These composed pieces were critical changes in contemplations and activities as of now, and they weren’t futile. The blacks were truly planning to separate themselves from the rest, to have individuals remember they were not the same as the white severe mentality, and it worked. Larry Neal’s â€Å"The Black Arts Movement†, written in 1968, talks straightforwardly to the necessities and aspirations of Black America at that point. The fundamental objective in â€Å"The Black Arts Movement† is to underscore the need for dark culture to characterize their reality in their own terms. Larry Neal poses the inquiry in his piece, â€Å"†¦whose vision of the world is progressively significant, our own or the white oppressors? † (Neal page 2040). He is requesting that his crowd move away from a white oppressor vision of the world and make their own vision of the world: a dream that has their own convictions, contemplations, and thoughts; a dream that stands apart from the white examples that have comprised a long time earlier. The Black artists’ essential obligation is to communicate the necessities of the Black individuals. Neal clarifies this thought by saying, â€Å"†¦main push of his new type of contemporary authors to go up against the inconsistencies emerging out of the Black man’s involvement with the raciest West† (Neal page 2039). As it were, the objectives of these new specialists is to utilize an idea of â€Å"protest literature† (page 2040) and direct this new writing straightforwardly towards dark individuals to gather trust and â€Å"[awaken] Black individuals to the significance of their lives† (Neal page 2042). The Black people group had been living in an abusive society for a considerable length of time preceding this new development. Neal trusted The Black Esthetic was the annihilation of white thoughts, and the obliteration of white perspectives on world. Addison Gayle Jr. was another of these contemporary craftsmen who energized another lifestyle to the dark network in his piece, â€Å"The Black Aesthetic†. The Black Esthetic development was the training that helped those looking to explore and comprehend the encounters of dark people groups. Gayle clarifies the Black Esthetic development: â€Å"The question for the dark pundit today isn't how delightful is a song, a play, a sonnet, a novel, however what amount increasingly excellent has the poem†¦made the life of a solitary dark man? The Black Esthetic, at that point, as brought about by this writer†¦is a methods for helping dark individuals out of the contaminated standard of Americanism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle 1916). This is a noteworthy statement on the grounds that Gayle, and a considerable lot of the Black Esthetic specialists at that point, truly accept that these masterpieces are not for the critics’ diversion. Rather they are lumpy accounts of these Black Peoples’ encounters and they are proposed to free the Black Man of a harsh white America. They are to support these dark people to quit complying with the white culture and rather grasp their own. The dark tasteful period is so critical in light of the fact that it was where the craftsmen made a huge move in the assessments of the white culture towards the dark culture, and much more, it allowed to the Black people group to discover their voice in the frenzy and have the option to stand apart among the white, severe view purposes of the general public they were living in at that point. These two bits of work interface truly well with one another. Basically I could associate Gayle’s piece to practically any Black Esthetic piece since they all have comparative perspectives with respect to the opportunity of the severe white American culture. Nonetheless, Larry Neal legitimately remarks on the Black Esthetics. He depicts the Black Arts Movement and the Black Esthetic as one. Neal says, â€Å"Black Art is the tasteful and otherworldly sister of the Black Power idea. All things considered, it imagines a workmanship that talks legitimately to the necessities and goals of Black America† (Neal page 2039). This goes with Gayle’s convictions that the Black Esthetic is legitimately made for the requirements of the dark people groups. Gayle says, â€Å"A basic technique has no importance to the dark network except if it helps men in getting better than they are† (page 1917). Gayle and Neal both have this vision for Black Americans that they be liberated from this development, not drove further into persecution, and they accept expressions of the human experience can advocate them into being better. The support the specialists have for the remainder of their siblings and sisters is the thing that makes these two pieces so significant, particularly when they’re being looked at. The dark individuals, regardless of whether they are the makers or simply standard working class people, share dreams of inspiration during hardships. They need their siblings to come out and top, so they battle together. The Black Esthetic development was a timeframe where the dark Americans, whom had the benefit to make and offer sonnets, stories, and plays, had the option to impart their manifestations to the remainder of the populace to inspire them. Gayle and Neal’s objectives are the equivalent: they need the blacks to locate their own personality, present themselves in an unexpected way, and quit following in the strides of the whites. They accept that these masterpieces truly can do marvels of progress for their siblings and sisters. These accounts and manifestations, sonnet and plays, aren’t simply pointless, anecdotal words that these craftsman make out of air. They are genuine records of the fights the dark culture have battled with the expectation that the severe layer of the white America at long last falls away from them. In the accompanying statement, Neal exhibits how expressions of the human experience can truly be noteworthy. Neal says, â€Å"Poetry is a solid capacity, actions†¦Poems are physical substances: clench hands, blades, plane sonnets, and sonnets that fire firearms. Sonnets are changed into individual forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 2041). In relationship to Neal, Gayle analyzes the mistreatment to war. These two works are good to one another. Gayle accepts the two societies are at war, while Neal has the ideal weapon: masterpieces. Gayle clarifies the society’s conditions by saying, â€Å"The genuine dark craftsman of today is at war with the American culture as not many have been all through American history† (Gayle page 1914). Gayle and Neal concur upon this. The Black American culture was at a war with the white American culture and the dark specialists were giving it their best shot to free themselves of this war utilizing the one weapon they were best at utilizing: words. Utilizing these uplifting statements and consolation, and dreams of opportunity and openings, the specialists made prospects. Neal and Gayle had comparable dreams for the future, too. The two of them accepted this development was developing and they accepted that development had been clear in white peoples’ eyes as of now. Gayle states this development by saying, â€Å"The white academician†¦calls upon a dark man to compose the presentation. The manager at that point proclaims that his treasury ‘represents the best dark literature’ or that he has picked these works which rank the best in American imaginative creation. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle page 1918). In saying that a dark man can compose a presentation and rank the best underway is a lot of progress for the Black people group. The white editors are tolerating of the distinctive composing styles and points, and as yet finding that it’s quality writing in any event, when it’s not at all like theirs; an objective the dark tasteful authors have attempted to accomplish. Neal has a comparable thought on trust, yet he additionally includes his convictions the development of this development by saying, â€Å"Afro-American life and history is brimming with innovative prospects, and the development is simply starting to see them. Simply starting to comprehend that the most significant statements†¦must originate from the Third World of which Black America is a part† (Neal page 2050). This announcement is very like Gayle’s in that the white society in America is beginning to perceive the significance in dark expressions which is a critical change on the grounds that it’s one that they moved in the direction of for a long time. At that point, progress was all the while being made, however some advancement had been caused and it was sufficient to cause them to feel glad and significantly increasingly cheerful for the eventual fate of the development. The hugeness in the pieces is that they set their dark network apart from the remainder of America. A long time earlier the whites mistreated the blacks thus as of right now, the dark individuals were attempting urgently to free themselves. In looking at these two pieces you truly begin to see the comparable thoughts the dark individuals had about their locale. These thoughts weren’t simply little things a couple of individuals chose to expound on. They were encouraging statements for what's to come. A statement of purpose to separate themselves from the rest, declarations of what the specialists have experienced, and clarifications of why they’re extraordinary and why they ought to be perceived as that. The unbelievable thing about it: it worked. Gayle, Addison, Jr. , and Larry Neal. The Norton Anthology

Hewlett Packard Case

PANAMERICAN UNIVERSITY COMMUNICATION SCHOOL CASE 3 †HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY ADRIANA MA. DE LA PENA SANDOVAL 8 SEMESTER PROF. RAFAEL SANTANA VILLEGAS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION February 2013 INDEX Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Importance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Information of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Characters in the case†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Summary case†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Personal Opinion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 COMPANY Hewlett-Packard Company (www. google. com) Background Founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, HP's worldwide tasks are coordinated from its central command in Palo Alto, California, USA. Its U. S. activities are coordinated from its office in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, nearHouston. Its Latin America workplaces in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, U. S. , near Miami and in Medellin Colombia.Its Europe workplaces are in Meyrin, Switzerland, nearGeneva. Its Asia-Pacific workplaces are in Singapore. [47][48][49][50][49][51][52] It likewise has enormous tasks in Boise, Idaho; Roseville, California; Fort Collins, Colorado, San Diego, andPlano, Texasâ (the previous central command of EDS, which HP obtained). In the UK, HP is based at an enormous site in Bracknell, Berkshireâ with workplaces in different UK areas, including a milestone office tower in London,â 88 Wood Street. Its ongoing securing of 3Com will extend its worker base to Marlborough, Massachusetts. [53].The organization additionally has an enormous workforce and various workplaces at Bangalore, India, to address their back end and IT tasks. MphasiS, which is headquartered at Bangalore, likewise empowered HP to expand their impres sion in the city as it was an auxiliary of EDS which the organization gained. Significance is an Americanâ multinationalinformation technologyâ corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. It gives items, advancements, programming, arrangements and administrations to purchasers, little and medium-sized organizations (SMBs) and enormous undertakings, remembering clients for the administration, wellbeing and training sectors.Family inheritance and representative sovereignty were a profoundly engrained parto f HP corporate culture. The originators, referred to companions and representatives the same as Bill and Dave, built up a remarkable administration style that came to be known as The HP Way. In Bill's words, the HP Way is â€Å"a center belief system †¦ which incorporates a profound regard for the individual, a devotion to moderate quality and dependability, a guarantee to network obligation, and a view that the organization exists to make spec ialized commitments for the progression and government assistance of mankind. â€Å"[62] The following are the principles of The HP Way:[63] 1.We have trust and regard for people. 2. We center around an elevated level of accomplishment and commitment. 3. We direct our business with firm honesty. 4. We accomplish our regular targets through cooperation. 5. We support adaptability and advancement. Data of the organization Hewlett-Packard Company (HP), fused in 1947, is a supplier of items, advances, programming, arrangements and administrations to singular purchasers, little and medium-sized organizations (SMBs) and enormous ventures, remembering clients for the Government, wellbeing and training sectors.Its activities are sorted out into seven fragments: the Personal Systems Group (PSG), Services, the Imaging and Printing Group (IPG), Enterprise Servers, Storage and Networking (ESSN), HP Software, HP Financial Services (HPFS) and Corporate Investments. The Company’s contrib utions incorporate individualized computing and different access gadgets; multi-merchant client administrations, including foundation innovation and business process re-appropriating, innovation backing and upkeep, application advancement and bolster benefits and counseling and coordination administrations, and imaging and printing-related items and services.Characters for the situation Bill Hewlett David Packard Damian Nash Patricia Dunn Summary case Questions WHAT ARE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF HP’S CORPORATE CULTURE IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATIONS, AS DESCRIBES IN THE CASE? IN CONSIDERING WHETHER TO RESPOND TO THE STORY, WHAT OTHER COMMUNICATIONS DEPARMENT FUNCTION SHOULD NASH CALL ON FOR CONSULTATION? WHAT CHALLENGES DO YOU FORESEE FOR NASH GOING FORWARD, AND WHAT ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE HIM? WHAT ROLE SHOULD CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PLAY AT HP TO HELP THE COMPANY ADVANCE ITS Personal conclusion

Adams, Samuel

Adams, Samuel Adams, Samuel, 1722â€"1803, political leader in the American Revolution, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Boston, Mass.; second cousin of John Adams. An unsuccessful businessman, he became interested in politics and was a member (1765â€"74) and clerk (1766â€"74) of the lower house of the Massachusetts legislature. As colonial resistance to British laws stiffened, Adams spoke for the discontented and replaced James Otis as leader of the extremists. He drafted a protest against the Stamp Act in 1765 and was one of the organizers of the non-importation agreement (1767) against Great Britain to force repeal of the Townshend Acts . He drew up the Circular Letter to the other colonies, denouncing the acts as taxation without representation. More important, he used his able pen in colonial newspapers and pamphlets to stir up sentiment against the British. His polemics helped to bring about the Boston Massacre . With the help of such men as John Hancock he organized the rev olutionary Sons of Liberty and helped to foment revolt through the Committees of Correspondence. He was the moving spirit in the Boston Tea Party . Gen. Thomas Gage issued (1775) a warrant for the arrest of Adams and Hancock, but they escaped punishment and continued to stir up lethargic patriots. Samuel Adams was a member (1774â€"81) of the Continental Congress, but after independence was declared his influence declined; the radical was replaced by more conservative leaders, who tended to look upon Adams as an irresponsible agitator. He later served (1794â€"97) as governor of Massachusetts. See writings ed. by H. A. Cushing (4 vol., 1904â€"08, repr. 1968); biographies by J. C. Miller (1936, repr. 1960), S. Beach (1965), W. V. Wells (2d ed. 1969), and N. B. Gerson (1973). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Crash Reflection - 1040 Words

Racism Reflection The movie I chose for this assignment was the Hollywood film Crash. I really enjoyed watching this movie even though I have watched it previously before. Crash is the type of movie where you need to watch it more than once to understand the real meaning it is trying to portray about racism. There are many acts of racism that is being shown in this movie in different ways through the many characters revealed. In this movie I found there to be a lot of themes that took place, however the top three I felt was most important were stereotypes, oppression, and prejudice. Stereotype is defined as the popular belief about a specific type of individual. In the movie there was a scene with the locksmith was fixing Jean’s locks†¦show more content†¦When I look back on it now I can see that although I never exactly went through any racist situations face to face, my whole like in fact was being judged based on my class. I did not realize this until after I watch ed the movie crash and we had the discussion of racism in our tutorial class. In a way it is really sad to have to think about how everyone probably only accepted me at first because they knew I was like them. I think the most hurtful and eye opening scene for me was near the end of the movie when the young officer Tom Hansen was giving the black man a drive up the street when all of a sudden he thought he was reaching into his pocket to shoot him and he shot him first. This scene made me cry a lot and I felt very disturbed after watching it. I think I felt this way mostly because throughout the whole movie they perceived this officer as one of the good people until this very last scene where he kills an innocent man. At this point of the movie, this is where I lost hope because he was one of the only people who had good morals and was doing his best to be a good person and then all of a sudden it changes. 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The Three Methods Of Research - 1201 Words

My journal this week focuses on the three methods of research to include qualitative, quantitative and mixed, (Creswell, 2014). Qualitative research provides the life story through narration, so we are able to identify and understand the human and social situation, (Creswell, 2014). Quantitative research focuses on the statistics, to include analyzing experimental data or survey outcomes, (Creswell, 2014). This method establishes the numeric aspects of research. According to the author, Creswell, (2014), Quantitative was the predominant method of research conducted in the 19th and 20th century. The mixed method incorporates both the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research, (Creswell, 2014). This method provides the story along with the statistical data to formulate a more complete method of research. The framework for research established by the author, Creswell, (2014), consists of design, research methods, philosophical worldviews and research approaches. 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Osim International Free Essays

Contents 1. Introduction to Osim International4 2. Competitive Strategy4 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Osim International or any similar topic only for you Order Now Company value chain4 3. 1Innovation5 3. 2Operations Management5 4. Non-financial analysis5 4. 1Corporate Social Responsibility5 4. 2Consumer Sentiments6 4. 3Corporate Culture6 4. 4Customer Retention and Growth6 5. Global outlook7 6. Industry outlook of healthy lifestyle products7 7. Comparison between Osim and its competitors8 8. Osim Financials8 8. 1Company’s Financial Ratios8 8. 2Market Prospects9 8. 2. 1Osim on its own9 8. 2. 2Osim vs. Selected peers (VGO, Best World, Ogawa, Jacks)9 8. 2. 3Osim vs. STI10 8. 3Projected Performance10 9. Conclusion11 Appendix A12 Appendix B16 Appendix C19 Appendix D24 Appendix E25 Appendix F26 ? 1. Introduction to Osim International Osim International Ltd. (Osim) is a Singapore listed company; a global leader in the healthy lifestyle products industry. It has been led since its inception by CEO Ron Sim, the company’s value driver, instrumental in bringing Osim to where it is today, greatly influencing its vision, mission and values with his personal touch. The company has expanded to more than 1,100 stores in more than 30 countries worldwide. Within the next 3 to 5 years, they plan to open over 50 outlets and further expand their subsidiaries, GNC and RichLife. . Competitive Strategy In view of the current economic situation, Osim seeks to cautiously and optimistically ‘focus on building profitability, positive EBITDA and operating cash flow’ . Even though they have exceeded sales expectations so far this year, this may be challenging given that they operate in a niche market easily affect ed by consumer sentiment and other global events. Osim feels a strong balance sheet is integral to meeting this aim, achievable through enhanced operational efficiency and outlets being leaner and more effective in sales. With Brand Osim, they desire an image that is one with (the) healthy lifestyle’ . This demonstrates their aspiration to not only be the market leader, but to also be the brand with the best recall and association. Furthermore, Osim adopts a two-pronged approach of innovation and growth; creating demand through innovation and development to support the anticipated US market recovery and the Chinese markets’ expansion. There is also focus on their most important resource, employees; training and empowering talents with emphasis on corporate culture alignment. 3. Company value chain Osim’s value chain involves two main processes: Innovation and Operations Management. . 1Innovation Research and development (RD) is a process given much emphasis as Osim strives to release new and relevant products to create demand and to keep a technological edge above its competition, resulting in products such as the iDesire and iMedic amongst others. This has won consumers and its efforts were rewarded in 2008, voted as Asia’s most preferred brand for massage cha irs . This is also inculcated in their brand image with their desire to include ‘intelligent innovation’ . 3. 2Operations Management Operations management includes Osim’s manufacturing and retail arms. Upon subjecting raw material to their respective manufacturing processes, Osim creates a product that it believes will add value for consumers and entice them to pay a premium to obtain their desired quality of life. Its retail arm works with an aggressive marketing department to promote their products. Whilst costs are high, the perceived product value added is proportionately high. 4. Non-financial analysis 4. 1Corporate Social Responsibility Osim aims to encourage a positive attitude towards healthy lifestyles. Osim Triathlons in various Asian countries , and the Osim Singapore Masters are some sporting events it has sponsored. While Osim promotes itself as a lifestyle brand, for example, through the promotion of the uSqueez leg massager which appeals to triathletes, they have also donated to the Children’s Cancer Foundation and supported an endowment fund with the NUS Business School . Osim has also demonstrated accountability to society by recalling its products twice . The urgency to recall defective products has shown Osim’s commitment to civic responsibility. However, the recall affected Osim’s reputation as customers were put through the hassle of claiming damages. Despite this, Osim’s branding remains strong and is still one of the world’s most reliable providers in its industry. Accountability to investors was also demonstrated when they came in runners-up in the ‘Most Transparent Company Award (Commerce)’ in SIAS Investors’ Choice Award. 4. 2Consumer Sentiments In a 2008 survey by Synovate , Osim attained the ‘No. 1 Healthy Lifestyle Products Brand’ in consumers’ minds across Asia. The findings show Osim’s strong Asian customer base and affirms its effective branding as a leading provider of innovative products with design and quality, performance, and safety standards. Furthermore, massage chair sales in China has maintained good growth with easy-to-buy payment schemes. 4. 3Corporate Culture A strong corporate culture inculcating positive thinking has been used as a tool to survive market movements. This tool is behind the entrance of new innovations and the extension of Osim’s reach into the global market. Besides this, substantial shareholdings by key management ensures management goals are correctly aligned with that of shareholders’ . 4. 4Customer Retention and Growth In 2005, Osim was rated by Nielsen Consumers as the number one brand in seven attributes . Osim is also a member of Superbrands . To date, higher end products are made in Japan, a country recognized for its quality and precision . Mid-tier to lower end products are manufactured in China to reduce costs. Although manufactured in China, Osim ensures reliability and quality of these products. The market share gained from the provision of quality products has been shown in the same Synovate survey as mentioned above. Osim has also invested heavily in marketing, often publishing its advertisements in various media to increase its brand presence. These include centrespreads in major newspapers as well as television commercials, reigning in celebrities such as S. H. E and Fiona Xie. This fortifies their brand’s credibility, with the aim of converting new customers and retaining current ones. In a way, they have already created a strong and secure customer base and exclusive attention can be placed on gaining additional market share within the region and globally. 5. Global outlook Since the global recession, the market has rebounded with the STI currently trading around 2,600 points, a level last seen a year ago . We are currently believed to be in the accumulation phase , with economic growth expected in the coming years. Global markets have stabilized while key export markets such as the US and Europe remain fairly weak . A rapid recovery is in line for Asian economies, but continued soft private demand means that fiscal and monetary measures must be sustained to ensure continued growth. 6. Industry outlook of healthy lifestyle products Osim’s business efforts are concentrated on an increasingly affluent Asia , especially in countries like Singapore and China, where there is greater focus on lifestyle and well-being. Health is a greater concern as busier schedules reduce exercise time. As Asia’s aging population finds new ways to improve their living standards, more may turn to increasingly relevant healthcare products. However, the lifestyle industry is most vulnerable to fluctuations in business cycles. With the downturn, spending is either decreased or cheaper alternatives are sought. 7. Comparison between Osim and its competitors Osim’s main competitors in the health-food industry provide competition to its subsidiary, Global Active Limited. Its main recognized competitors in the massage products markets include OGAWA, OTO Bodycare and Panasonic. Osim thus relies heavily on innovation, aggressive marketing and quality to distinguish its products from its competitors, leveraging on the fact that consumer preferences are easily influenced. Another form of competition comes in the form of imitations and inexpensive Chinese products that respectively devalue Osim’s brand and provide viable substitutes. This forces Osim to differentiate itself as a premium product and introduce a secondary brand, NOVO, to woo consumers with its affordability. With the expected future growth in the healthy lifestyle products industry and Osim’s stronghold on its base consumer markets, we expect Osim to continue outperforming its competitors, especially in its core business function. 8. Osim Financials 8. 1Company’s Financial Ratios Osim’s profitability ratios have been weakening over the last 5 years, with sharp declines from 2006 onwards. Profit margins dropped from the healthy region of 9% to 0. 6% in 2007 and finally into the negative in 2008. Other returns ratios like ROA and ROE have also dropped significantly from 2005 onwards. Osim’s sales fell from a high of S$623million in 2006 to S$457million in 2008. The low profitability ratios suggest that the company is not effectively utilizing its assets and shareholder investments to generate sales and profit, which is a cause for concern for potential investors. Its dwindling sales and profitability can be attributed to fierce competition from imitations, as mentioned above. Also, Osim spent S$149million to acquire 55% of Brookstone Inc. in 2005, which did not work out well, as Brookstone’s losses dragged down Osim’s profitability from 2006 onwards. Osim’s liquidity ratios, despite the poor financial performances in the past few years, have remained relatively stable. Current ratio has stayed consistently above 1, bar 2007, which implies that the Group is able to meet its short term liabilities with its short term assets. Interest coverage has been falling sharply, primarily due to the fall in operating profits. In order to continue its repayment of interest charges, profits have to improve. 8. 2Market Prospects 8. 2. 1Osim on its own Generally, share prices have been on a strong downward trend since 2006, with MACD crossing below zero for most of the period. Osim’s share price plunged 98% from a high of S$2. 06 in 2006 to a low of S$0. 05 in the start of 2009 before showing signs of recovery, rising from below S$0. 10 to the recent stability of around S$0. 45, an increase of more than 400% during the period from March to September 2009. The recent bullish trend has also been reflected in the strong divergence of the MACD over zero. 8. 2. 2Osim vs. Selected peers (VGO, Best World, Ogawa, Jacks) During the last 5 years, Osim fared poorly compared to its industry peers. It was the worst performing stock out of the 5 selected companies over the period from 1Q07 to 1Q09. However, focusing our attention on more recent developments, Osim’s share price has been outdoing that of its competitors significantly, due to its strong recovery since 1Q09. Osim’s stock has risen at a higher rate, and been the best performing in terms of absolute value. Another interesting factor is the recent significant increase in insider trading, with senior management aggressively purchasing the company stock and subscribing to excess shares through the company’s rights issue . Together with the hints of recovery from recent financial figures, the purchase of shares by Osim’s management and confidence shown in the company might just be the confirmatory signal of their turnaround in fortunes. 8. 2. 3Osim vs. STI On a 5-year basis, comparing the performance of Osim’s share price against the STI, we observe that generally, it has been underperforming relative to the STI. The period between mid-2005 and early 2007, which coincided with Osim’s best financial performance, saw the company outperforming the market. Since 1Q07, it has been underperforming by a large margin until the recent superior performance relative to the STI starting from April 2009. 8. 3Projected Performance Judging from the 9 month 2009 figures, sales appear to continue sluggishly and we estimate the total sales for 2009 to be inferior to that of 2008. However, EBITDA has increased by 16% as compared to the same period last year. Having fully written down the investment in Brookstone, future losses need not be accounted for, and Osim’s profit before tax is expected to improve to around S$33million for 2009, a marked improvement from 2007 and 2008. Projected profitability ratios also suggest signs of recovery with ROA and ROE estimated to be around 9. 02% and 21. 36% respectively. Liquidity ratios for the Group remain healthy as well, as at 30 Sept 2009. Post restructuring, Osim has emerged leaner, significantly cutting down expenses over the past 2 years. Hence, if sales pick up in the future, we should see a return of the high profit margins realized in the past. Osim’s current Net Asset Value (NAV) per share is S$0. 14. Compared against the average share price of around S$0. 45 over the past 2 months, the Price-to-book ratio is about 3. times, implying that the stock may be overvalued. However, the general price-to-book ratio for an average company is 7 times , showing that Osim’s share price may still rise in the future. 9. Conclusion With Ron Sim at the helm and the alignment of the senior management with company objectives, Osim stands poised to achieve its goals in the short term with its aggressive marketi ng and focus on a strong balance sheet during this time of economic uncertainty. They have earned the trust of consumers through the provision of quality products and good corporate governance. While they have effectively lowered costs, revenue remains sluggish. They plan to improve this through expansion in emerging markets as well as to take advantage of Brookstone’s strategic positioning in American markets. Whilst having derived ways to compete effectively, and with the industry expected to grow, private consumption will still be depressed amidst this period of economic recovery due to a lag effect. Defining a medium to long term as between two to five years, we thus projected that Osim, on its own will continue to be profitable as a going concern. While we recognise that outside the industry, there are many superior alternatives that have the potential to generate far better returns, which is beyond the scope of this report, we recommend that with regards to an investment solely in Osim or in the Healthy Lifestyle Products industry, Osim is clearly the worthwhile choice to invest in. Appendix A Profitability Ratios 20082007200620052004 Profit Margin (%)-21. 780. 65. 429. 299. 2 ROA (%)-46. 580. 868. 0510. 214. 6 ROE (%)-141. 921. 9619. 8728. 9726. 16 Cash Flow/Operating Revenue (%)-17. 984. 957. 8911. 812. 6 Profit Margin (%)-21. 780. 65. 429. 299. Profitability ratios measure the return earned on a company’s capital and the financial cushion relative to each dollar of sales. Osim’s low profitability ratios in recent years are a cause for concern. However, much can be attributed to the economic crisis and the write-off of Brookstone in 2008. Liquidity Ratios 20082007200620052004 Current Ratio1. 090. 951. 021. 111 . 87 Quick Ratio0. 480. 450. 450. 671. 38 Interest Coverage-19. 052. 067. 751750. 95 Current Ratio1. 090. 951. 021. 111. 87 Generally, despite the poor performance posted in 2007 and 2008, Osim’s Liquidity Ratios remained relatively stable. This implies that there are no issues regarding the solvency of the company and resources are available to meet its obligations. 20082007200620052004 P/E Ratio (%)n. a. 103. 6422. 415. 2912. 48 Dividend Payout Ratio (%)0219. 4332. 2315. 3415. 39 P/E ratio is an indicator of perceived value of a stock. Osim’s unusually high P/E ratio in 2007 is due to the low EPS resulting from the poor performance posted in that year. Osim has been consistently paying out dividends until 2008. Hence, should performance improves in future, investors should expect to receive dividend payouts. Appendix B Projected Performance -Month Key FinancialsEstimated Figures for 2009 Sales335. 9450 EBITDA33. 845 Profit before Tax24. 533 Net profit16. 121 Full year figures for 2009 determined based on pro-rating 9-month figures to get conservative estimates. (in $millions)9mth 20099mth 2008% change2009 Estimated20082007200620052004 Sales335. 9346. 2-2. 98%450456. 7523. 7622. 9502. 5332. 2 EBITDA33. 829. 116% 453935. 476. 754. 545. 4 Profit before Tax24. 5-19. 5225. 64%33-92. 25. 443. 651. 435. 3 Net profit16. 1-26161. 92%21-99. 53. 735. 845. 630. 8 (in $millions)9mth 20099mth 2008% change2009 Estimated20082007200620052004 Sales335. 9346. 2-2. 98%450456. 7523. 7622. 502. 5332. 2 EBITDA33. 829. 116%453935. 476. 754. 545. 4 Estimated Financial Ratios for 2009 (With Balance Sheet as at 30 Sept 2009) Profit Margin (%)4. 67 ROA (%)9. 02 ROE (%)21. 36 Current Ratio at B/S date1. 16 2009 figures suggest Osim is on the road to recovery. Projected Profit before Tax show improvement compared to 2008 and 2007, though not to the extent of 2006’s high. Compared to 1st half of 2008, 2009 has shown improvement in EBITDA even though sales continue to be weak. .Charts with Projected 2009 Ratios Appendix C Osim Stock Charts 5-Year 1-Year Comparison against STI 5-Year 1-Year Comparison Competitors 5-Year 1-Year -Year Absolute 1-Year Absolute Appendix D Insider Trades Announcement DateBuyerNumber of Shares (‘000) 23/2/09Ron Sim2002 13/3/093466 17/3/09953 27/3/0996150 31/3/09200 1/4/09200 6/4/092700 9/4/096500 Subtotal112171 23/2/09Peter Lee320 13/3/09950 31/3/09550 9/10/09270 Subtotal2090 23/2/09Richard Leow300 23/2/09Ong Kian Min1618 24/2/091000 2/4/09752 23/2/09Michael Kan300 2/4/09218 23/2/09Charlie Teo300 27/3/09365 6/4/09100 2/4/09Khor Peng Soon16 Subtotal4969 Total119230 Appendix E ? Appendix F Japan’s quality in manufacturing was taken from Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Methods, and Applications by A. Brent Strong How to cite Osim International, Papers

Out-Patient Department Record Management System free essay sample

But as the years rolled by, the number of patients has grown and various medical cases arise that the manual method of managing patients’ records, prescriptions and appointment schedule, is no longer practical. In this study, we hope to develop an application that will minimize all paper works and manual records keeping, therefore allowing doctors and staff ease in keeping track of patients, reducing patients’ waiting time and increasing the number of patients served – a system that is fully automated, user-friendly, time effective and efficient. Now more than ever, people have become more health conscious and are taking necessary steps to ensure that they have a sound body and mind – that is why everyday many people come to hospitals or health facility for check-ups and treatments. A Hospital is an institution for the medical treatment and care of the sick. Basically, patients spend a substantial amount of time in hospital waiting for services to be delivered by the doctor or health professional. We will write a custom essay sample on Out-Patient Department Record Management System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The degree to which the patients are satisfied with the care received is relative not only to the doctors’ expertise in their field, but also to the quality of the hospital management. And we all know that as the number of patients continually increase, managing a hospital can also become increasingly difficult, especially if everything is done manually. Statement of the Problem This study intends to design and develop a Record Management System for the Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital, for the benefit of both the hospital staff and the patients. The researchers of this study seek to answer the following question: 1. What is the present status of the Tarlac Provincial Hospital? 1. Accommodations of patients 1. 2 Reliability of the existing system 1. 3 Enlisting records of patient 2. What are the possible major problems or risks that can be encountered using the existing manual system when it comes to: 2. 1 Time consumption (speed) 2. 2 Efficiency of work 2. 3 Security of Data 3. Will the proposed system help solve the problems in terms of: 3. 1 Accommodations of patients 3. 2 Reliability of the existing system 3. 3 Enlisting records of patient 3 . 4 Convenience in using the proposed system Scope and Delimitation The proposed system will focus in the developing and designing the existing system of the Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital. Furthermore, the hospital staff and the patients will get the benefits if ever the proposed system will be implemented. Significance of the Study If the proposed system will be implemented the workload of the medical staff will be lighten. The product of the study will help the hospital staff encounters less paper works, organized compilation of patient’s records or files once the proposed system is implemented. With this, they will have more time to accommodate the other patients who needed their services. The records of each patient are safe from an unknown user. And most of all, the finding or searching of the patients record will be easy and take a little time not like with the existing system, the searching of their records will take a lot of effort and their time. To the patients of OPD, faster result will be given to them in releasing or giving their records of diagnosis and prescription. Instead of wasting their time waiting they can do their other tasks. With just a few minutes the patients who needs medical certificate can have it in their hands without going back and forth from a building to another. The two people that will get the benefit of the proposed system are the medical staff and the patients who come in the hospital. Definition of Terms Automate To convert a process or workplace to automation, or utilize the techniques of automation. Efficiency The ability to be productive with a minimum of wasted effort. It is defined by the function of the system to produce organized results, lessen manual effort and its accessibility. Manual System A system involving data processing which does not use of stored- program computing. Refers to the process of recording data of the student without the use of a computer or any machine. Out Patient Department (OPD) – Stands for Out-Patient Department, this depart Record Management Systematic administration of records and documented information for its entire life cycle from creation, classification, use, filling, retention and to final disposition. Managing patients record by recording, updating, storing, organizing, and retrieving. Security The ability to protect and provide confidentiality to the data stored within the data system. It is expressed by the features requiring authentication, control of access keys, backup and recovery, user limits and protection from outside elements and environment. System – A set or arrangement of elements that are organized to accomplish some predefined goal by processing information. Tarlac Provincial Hospital (TPH) Institution that provides a broad range of medical services to sick, injured, or pregnant patients. Mostly the patients of this hospital are at the average class because of a lower cost of hospital bill than to private hospital. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter consists of Local Literature, Foreign Literature, Local Studies, Foreign Studies and Synthesis or Relevance of the Reviewed Related Literature to the Present Study. And also discusses the theoretical framework of the proposed study. Local Literature Dr. Manuel Dayrit stated that: â€Å"The provision of health care is a seamless effort which encompasses preventive and curative interventions. We must synergize efforts the spectrum of interventions, affordable and quality health care must be integrated geographically. † Providing the concept of giving the wellness of Filipinos we must eventually give important to the process on how will be manage our services to our patients with regards to the efficiency and effectiveness of hospital. And with the use of a technology the patients will be having the satisfactory they needed. Foreign Literature Mark Dominic dela Torre stated that: The concepts of a simple dream, a determination, quality nd perseverance are the forefront to any business that leads to successful outcome. Having the concept of determination and assuring quality service to patients, the proponents proposed a Record Base Management System to cater to hospital employees in making their job more efficient thus delivering quality service and determining a successful business. Kneener Lim and Antonette Goyenechea stated that: Records security is also one of t he primary objectives and all the information received from its clients are confidential. The proponents proposed a Record Base Management System for the hospital to make the system perfect where all the records should be kept, thus giving the assurance that these files are secured and accessible for the advancement of the hospital. Carl P. Zeithami Thomas S. Bateman of Management Function and Strategy cited that: In todays environment, planning has become a widespread management function, involving people throughout the organization in the analysis, identification, and selection of goals and priorities. Authors of the book state that planning is very important for every individual, work group, or organization because it helps the systematic process during which decisions are made about the goals and activities, just like companies using a manual system method to carefully plan on what would be the possible solution to make the system work faster so that there is less probability o f errors in the activities, and in considering the need for a computerized system in order to better answer the problem. Local Studies In 1954, Manila Doctors Hospital (MDH) guided by the philosophy that â€Å"all persons, principally the working class, are entitled to the best available medical services at the price they can afford† launched the Industrial Medical Services Department (IMSD) also known as Prepaid Health Services. The department provides services for pre-employment physical examinations of applicant, annual health examinations of employees and executive check-up services for client companies. IMSD also offers medical and nursing retainer services. IMSD services has since expanded and offers pre-employment and pre-deployment examinations and repatriation services for Overseas Contract Workers (OCW), HMO and Walk-in consultations, dental services, psychological examinations and blood donor screening services. Through its continuous and relentless effort to improve the services, the department recently was able to offer five (5) Out-Patient Executive Check-up packages, which includes oman care program, to various client companies and walk-in patients. Foreign Studies Hospital is a phenomenon of 20th century. Its evolution of supporting sick from normal to care of sick and now it is sophistication of providing preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative services is phenomenal. As the hospital has grown in stature, so has its important arm, out-patient department. The activities of out-patient departments have made the hospital a real force in the community programmed, for the prevention of diseases. Much of the investigations and diagnostic work that formerly necessitated admission to hospital wards can now be carried out in a well equipped out-patient department. The new concept extended ambulatory services is borne out of the fact that certain diseases are treated right in out-patient department, without getting patients admitted for long durations as inpatients, thus, reducing expenses for the patients, community and exchequer. Out-patient department services are corollary to inpatient services in the form of general out-patient department, day care, home-care and rehabilitative centers. It is important for planners to know about the catchment area of the hospital so that cost-effective and cost containment techniques will be employed before hospital gets commissioned. This is particularly true, when tremendous strides have been made as far as patients care through out-patient department is concerned. Relevance of the Reviewed Related Literature to the Present Study The studies that were conducted are related to the proponents study because these studies are concerned with the records system of the hospital. Both studies are related in the area of the importance in keeping all the records and files of the patients of a hospital and putting into account solid historical data of the hospitals that could be used to further improve the company’s growth in the future. It will give the assurance that these files are secured and accessible for the advancement of the hospital. It also guarantees that people’s job will be easier, faster and more efficient for the benefit of the hospital. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework of the study is used to illustrate how the proposed system operates. It also shows how the proposed system differs from the existing system. Figure 1. 0 Theoretical Framework of the Proposed System In the existing system, the inputs are patient information which includes Patient Number, Case Number, Personal Information, PhilHealth Information and Admitting Information. And these inputs are compiled and organized to a folder to sort patients according to their Patient Information. On the other hand, the proposed system gets clearer inputs, an effective process and accurate outputs. On the proposed, the inputs include patient information which the same to the existing system. Then proposed system will store patient information and medical report with prescription to the database. The outputs of this process are printed diagnostic and prescriptions of the patient. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the different methodologies of research that will be used by the researcher as well as the methods in developing the software system. Under the methods of research used are the data gathering instrument and analytical tools, which will be used by the in doing this particular research. Research Design There are so many ways in doing a good study. There are things that the proponents must consider to form an extensive source for the application, and then there should be an extensive analyst to produce quality or excellent software. The proponent meant to acquire relative research for the application for the proposed software or system. The researchers would be able to formulate solutions by applying these kinds of methods. Descriptive Method. It is defined as the fact finding with data subjected to the thinking process in terms of ordered reasoning. This method was used for analyzing the present status or process in order to determine its problems and limitations. It was also a tool in studying the present Out Patient Department (OPD) of Tarlac Provincial Hospital to be able to know its limitation and strength. The results of the study would help the researchers to determine what features would be included in its design and development. This method was used by the researchers in choosing the best possible alternative to improve the current or the existing system. Library Research Method. Usually this method was done by all researchers to gathered data and information. A library contains reading materials for research. It can provide the needed information regarding what the researcher would need, a library would be a great help to the researchers to develop the proposed system. Instrument/s Used in the Study The Researchers gathered data that was useful in developing this study. With this information from books, unpublished materials, programming language software, interviews (oral and written), and observations, the proponent had chosen the following data gathering materials because they know that they need this for the proposed system. Interview. An interview is act of asking or questioning orally to gather some information. The pharmacists were asked to express their view on the work regarding the current system and on any changes that will occur in the work situation if the proposed system is going to be used. The researchers conducted an interview with a number of respondents, which provided them accurate information that could not be found in other resources. The proponents used this kind of data gathering instruments to know what the problems of the present system are and why it needs to be improved. This is where semi-structured and concern work content, workload, personal control, influence and participation in decision making. Questionnaire. This is also one of the forms in data gathering instrument wherein information gathered is related to the existing/proposed system. This would concern job content, physical and psychosocial work environment. The researchers prepared questionnaires that will be given to the different respondents like the pharmacist and patients. Observation. The proponents gathered data in detailed manner. It was used by carefully observing the process of the current system. The proponents observed and interviewed the doctor during their ordinary work with the current system. This was also determine the limitation of the present system; this is also used to observe the usual transactions happening inside the pharmacy so that the proponents will gain knowledge in visualizing the different functions of the proposed system and how it will run. The goal of this method is to know the work environment problem. Procedures of Data Gathering The method used by the proponents in gathering procedure deals with the direct confrontation with the appropriate person who is responsible in giving information based on the study. These are conducted to obtain the precise and reliable information. The proponents conducted an Interview, Library Research, E-Source Research and Survey Questionnaire. These methods are enumerated below: Interview. The data gathering procedure deals with the face to face encounter or confrontation with the appropriate person who is responsible in giving information. The researchers interviewed the some patients of the hospital and doctor’s staff because the researcher believe that they are the best persons knowledgeable about the study. Library Research. Library is the most essential source of reliable data information and the most commonly used method in data gathering. The proponents used books, magazines and previous research from AMA Computer Colleges Tarlac Branch in their researchers, which are relevant for the study. E-Sourcing Research. This method involves gathering of information through the internet. It’s a tool used in order to gather data/information or search for an idea by accessing and studying the sites or pages of various groups, individual and entities around the world, or wherever digital information is available. Statistical Analysis of Data In most instances, the numerical information in its original form would be difficult to interpret. For this reason, the information is usually organized, summarized, and presented in a form that can be more really interpreted. Statistics is important not only for communicating: it is also provides a basis for decision-making. A Frequency Distribution is a tabular arrangement of data showing as classification, otherwise, grouping according to level or size. In this study, the data to be used would come from the extensive range of the Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital. Ranking is the order according to some statistical characteristic. After formulating and distributing, questionnaires to the respondents, researchers have sum up the results and arrange these either from the highest to lowest or vice versa. This is a way of organizing the gathered data to determine what possible decision to end up. Figure 2. 1 ERD of Existing System for Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital Context Diagram of Existing System for Out-Patient Department of TPH If you’re a new patient you will be given an ID card, but if you’re an old patient, you can use your ID card for registration. After showing your OPD ID, you will be given a form to be filled-up then you will pay the necessary fee after that, the patient will bring his/her old records to the OPD where the doctors evaluate the patient’s vital sign or symptoms, then he/she will go to the room where you’ll be checkup. After check-up has been done the doctor who have diagnosed will return the paper to the patient. If the patient wants a medical certificate she/he will be sent in the Health Office. In the Health office the personnel will ask the patient where to use the medical certificate and ask a payment for it. After receiving the certificate the patient is asked to let the doctor that who has done the check-up signs it. Then the patient will return the record to the admission office, and the transaction ends. Figure 2. 0 Context Diagram of Existing System for Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital Context Diagram of Proposed System for Out-Patient Department of TPH If you’re a new patient you will be given an ID card, but if you’re an old patient, you can use your ID card for registration. After showing your OPD ID, you will pay the necessary fee, the patient will go to the department where the doctors will evaluate the patient’s vital sign or symptoms, and then you will go to the room where you’ll be check-up. After the check-up has been done the doctor who have diagnosed you will save the diagnosis into the database. If the patient wants a medical certificate she/he will be sent in the admission office. In the admission office the personnel will ask the patient where the medical certificate will be used and the payment for the certificate. After receiving the certificate the patient is asked to let the doctor/s that who has done the check-up signs it, and the transaction ends. Figure 3. 0 Context Diagram of Proposed System for Out-Patient Department of Tarlac Provincial Hospital Top Level of Existing System for Out-Patient Department of TPH After the check-up, the doctors who have done the diagnosis will return the paper to the patient. If the patient wants a medical certificate she/he will be sent in the Health Office. In the Health Office the personnel will ask the patient where the patient will use the medical certificate and ask a payment for the certificate. After receiving the certificate the patient is asked to let the doctor/s that who has done the check-up signs it. Then the patient will return the record/s to the Admission Office, and the transaction ends. Top Level of Proposed System for Out-Patient Department of TPH After the check-up has been done the doctor who have diagnosed you will save the diagnosis into the database. If the patient wants a medical certificate she/he will be sent to the Admission Office. In the Admission Office the personnel will ask the patient where the medical certificate will be used and the payment for the certificate. After receiving the certificate the patient is asked to let the doctor/s that who has done the check-up signs it, and the transaction ends.