Italian Verbs Fumare Conjugations

Religion And Its Effect On The Improvement Of Religion Essay

With an early history of civilization establishments utilizing psychoactive substances for medicinal purposes, rituals, and spirituals purposes. This notion encouraging medications had a huge influence in the improvement of religion has been broadly talked about for a long time. Bringing on uncertainty part of psychedelic or hallucinogenic medications create religious experience, and whether this experience these humans is truly religious, or are they just â€Å"trips.† Before we consider the â€Å"religious† capability of hallucinogenic medications, one must apply a working meaning of religion. This paper characterizes religious encounters and medication prompted encounters, similarities of neurological brain scans, that can be contrast with show how they are more indistinguishable than different. Furthermore, patients utilizing hallucinogenic medications to adapt to death. Following to perusing this paper ideally its decisions would advance levelheaded thought of legi timate issues encompassing medications, and we can engage into a dialogue between psychedelics experiences and religious experiences. Religion is an all-inclusive establishment in human culture. It s found in over a wide span of time, it is the establishment on which society stands, it deals with sacred things that lie past our insight and control. The word itself represents beliefs and practices that are by and large the primary attributes of all religions. At the core to all religions is the idea of faith whichShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X And Religion Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesWhat effect can religion, particularly the Muslim faith have on a man and community? From Malcolm Little, to â€Å"Red,† to prisoner number 22843, and finally Malcolm X. Malcolm X’s journey is full of twists, turns, transformations, trials, and tribulations. He came from difficult times and this molded him into the influential man that he became. The Ku Klux Klan murdered his father, his mother was sent away, him and his siblings being split apart, being oppressed throughout school, and a vast amountRead MoreA Specific Cultu re Of Leadership938 Words   |  4 Pagespredominant religion (religion, n.d.). Mixed in with China’s religions are traditional folk beliefs that require one to worship the ancient souls of the ancestors (religion, n.d.). Of course China is not without atheism. Atheists are said to make up about 15% of the population and completely lack the belief of any Supreme Being or folk custom (religion, n.d.). Confucianism, which is more of a philosophical belief rather than religion, allows for societal tolerance of all religions (religion, nRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1708 Words   |  7 Pagesand put personal rights above religious ideals. They believed in a person’s ability to progress by improvement of education and freedom of press and abolishment of torture. There were several causes of the historical events. As it is discoverable, there are several causes of enlightenment that mostly include politics, improved education, and religion. Politics into if they wanted economic improvement and political changes that were believed to be possible. It was the people s will, and rulers provisionsRead More Human Culture and its Effects on Technology Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Culture and its Effects on Technology A fluid border exists between the influences of culture and technology on the environment. Culture is generally defined as the predominating modes of thinking and behaving that characterize the workings of a group, while technology is the collection of knowledge available to a society that aids it in crafting tools, practicing arts and skills, and extracting or accumulating materials. In some instances, a peoples culture drives its pursuit of more highlyRead MoreThe Green Revolution : What Positive And Negative Consequences Did It Have?877 Words   |  4 Pagesin developing countries. The improvement increased yield in crops. In turn, this would have also increased farming income. It also implemented two to three different crop patterns and the use of the scientific method in order to identify issues and create solutions. It also created an increase in jobs. The revolution helped developing nations, like India, to keep up with the food needs of a growing, impoverished population. Ne gative consequences are the long-term effects of only using two to threeRead MoreThe Rights Of Public School920 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary, religion is an â€Å"organized system of beliefs† that has certain rules in worshiping a god or multiple gods. For many years, the role of teaching the Bible and prayer in public schools has been a major dispute causing religious freedom issues in America. Because of this controversy, the U.S. Supreme Court has long made it clear that the Constitution prohibits public school-sponsored prayer or religious instruction. Although the law has taken effect, there are still topics underRead More Influence of Religion on Society during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries1484 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of Religion on Society during the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries The undeniable power, force, and influence of religion stand out throughout history. However, according to J. Michael Allen and James B. Allen in World History from 1500, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, religion was exceptionally important, because it had a great influence on everything from government to social order and family relationships (16). Hundreds of years may separate these two time periodsRead MoreThe Belief Of Organized Religion1173 Words   |  5 Pagesof Organized Religion All over the world there is some kind of conspiracy. One is the Organized Church Conspiracy or the Organized Religion Conspiracy. Many people think that Organized Religion is a source of evil, however it can be a source of wars, genocide and dogmatism but, â€Å"An Organized Religion is a faith system with an over-arching structure worship practices, and administrate the organization† (What Is Organized Religion and Does the Bible Support It?). The Organized Religion Conspiracy orRead MoreReligious Prayer Within Public Schools1431 Words   |  6 PagesOvertime many court cases have challenge this issue. The Constitution itself is on the fence of religious prayer because of the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause which prohibits the government’s involvement with the freedom of exercise of religion. The policy of religious prayer within Mississippi public schools is a state policy level. In the year of 2013, Governor Phil Bryant of Mississippi signed a bil l/law that protects voluntary prayers from students on public school property and otherRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Uniforms1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Positive and Negative Effects Uniforms have on Students In a society that is so fixed on obeying the laws of the constitution, one situation remains untouched. By the school systems making children wear a certain outfit in order to fit in with their peers, they are putting stress on each one of their individual rights. There is no proof rather uniforms work or not, but from my research I can conclude that it is in the schools best interest to not have uniforms. Forcing kids to wear uniforms

Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides Free Essays

Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides with his 70th birthday (1 888 PressRelease) In honor of the 70th birthday of the late and legendary singer/ songwriter John Denver on Dec. 31, acclaimed Indie recording artist Luanne Hunt releases what may have been his greatest musical work, â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer). † Denver did not record the tune. We will write a custom essay sample on Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hunt brings forth an emotional production, passionately delivering the song’s timely and awe-inspiring message. Denver, CO – Coinciding with what would have been legendary singer/songwriter John Denver’s 70th birthday on Dec. , chart-topping Indie recording artist Luanne Hunt releases his rare and powerful composition, â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love Is the Answer). † Denver, who died in a plane crash in 1997 off the California coast, delivered perhaps his most profound message through the inspiring and timely ballad. The â€Å"Rocky Mountain High† singer stated In his autobiography that he wrote the tune In Santa Fe, N. M. around 1994. â€Å"l went off on a hike, and midway to where I was headed, the song I was trying to write (â€Å"The Wandering Soul†) Just came to me, fell from the sky,† Denver said In his book, â€Å"Take Me Home. Hunt says she recorded â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer)† to not only showcase what may have been Denver’s finest work, but also to help others find healing, wholeness and a deeper meaning on their Journeys. â€Å"The first time I heard ‘The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answerl’ I broke down and cried for a very long time,† said Hunt, who resides in Southern California and records on the Star Creek Entertainment label. â€Å"l knew I had to record It and felt certain It was meant for something much greater than I could even fathom. John’s song definitely has been life-changing for me. Hunt’s own musical Journey has been one of profound personal, creative and spiritual transformation. By focusing on her artistic vision, she found the strength to overcome devastating emotional wounds and follow her authentic path as a singer/ songwriter. Over the years, the Pennsylvania native has bullt an Impressive list of accomplishments and a worldwide fan base with her contemporary folk songs. Her 1 OF2 200/ CD â€Å"Breaking I nrougn† proaucea two nit singles on u s. ana European cnarts The enchanting â€Å"Solace In The Wind† reached No. 1 on the European Country Music Association’s chart (Belgium) in July 2010. The song also landed on the 2009 Grammy ballot in two categories: Best Country Song and Best Female Country Performance. In December 2011, Hunt’s holiday tune â€Å"Christmas Without You† went to No. 1 on the European Country Music Association charts in France, Denmark and Austria. It also was the second most played song in Europe during that month. â€Å"The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer)† is being utilized to raise funds for Forest Way Productions, a 501c3 charity dedicated to providing retreat opportunities conducive to spiritual growth. It also promotes creative projects designed to support a unified vision of spirituality in the world. â€Å"l am deeply moved by ‘The Wandering Soul (Love is the Answer),'† said Matthew Flickstein, founder of Forest Way Productions and Telly Award-winning documentary filmmaker of â€Å"With One Voice. † â€Å"The lyrics are exquisite and Luanne’s voice and presence profoundly touch my heart. I can see how her voice and music can open people’s eyes to the Divine and lovingly transform their hearts. How to cite Release of rare, awe-inspiring John Denver song coincides, Papers

Emotional Intelligence, Management, and Leadership Essay Example For Students

Emotional Intelligence, Management, and Leadership Essay This paper’s theme assesses whether a leader’s emotional intelligence perspective affects organizational management and leadership qualities. A key point of the subject is proposing a future leadership role. The aspiration of the role includes an exploration of the following topics: the current performance strengths, vulnerabilities and changes contributing to the aspiration of leadership; relationship and changes of emotional intelligence related to leadership aspirations, seminal theorists guiding the aspiration of leadership, and the application of positive change usefulness in strategies and effectiveness in leadership aspirations. The final section is the development of a plan to achieve the leadership role. Outline1 Future Leadership Role2 Current performance strengths, vulnerabilities and changes3 Relationship and changes of emotional intelligence4 Application of positive change5 Leadership Plan Development Future Leadership Role After working 30 years for various entertainment, telecommunication, and consulting organizations, I am satisfied with my leadership role. Longer term, my leadership role, will involve retirement from business, but retirement is not a role desired in the preparation of this paper. Therefore, my future leadership role is to lead a corporate project management department. â€Å"Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements† (PMI, 2013, p. 5). The project manager’s role is the leadership of a team, which is responsible to achieving the project’s goal (PMI, 2013). As a project management leader, the key concern is the documenting a change management process including controls, and monitoring, and managing the changes implementation (PMI, 2013). This leadership role requires transformational leadership qualities. Transformational leadership is an approach resulting in a change, in individuals and social systems, by motivating followers to achieve a higher performance level (Kendrick, 2011). Current performance strengths, vulnerabilities and changes In the recent past, I participated in a leadership assessment developed by Pearson. The results of the examination indicate leadership strengths and weaknesses, and provide a gap analysis, which supports various resolution actions. The following assessments include the identification of the gap and its action plan. Building and leading teams. The building and leading teams assessment measure the management stages of team development, including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning (Tuckerman Jensen, 1977). The analysis provides an indication a gap in this assessment type, and need to assist the team in understanding the project’s mission to permit greater team independence and self-management. Leadership style. This assessment provides a measurement indication of placement along a relationship-orient leader or a task-oriented leader axis. Bass (1999) indicates relationship-orientation is more transformational, strategic, and effective. Without becoming people-oriented, to improve task vigilance is a leadership gap. Conflict handling style. Various types of conflict avoidance styles include resignation, withdrawal, diffusion, and appeasement (Limbare, 2012). The Project Management Institute, as part of their project management professional certification defines the following types of conflict resolution: confronting, compromising, smoothing, forcing, and avoiding (PMI, 2013). Analysis assessment scores indicate the resultant score is within an acceptable range. The highest score is collaborating and indicating a preference win-win results. The assessment scores are within a proper range for a transformational leader, therefore, developing a gap analysis or correction plan is not required. Form of power. Influence on team member’s performance is dependent on the form of a leaders power. The best type of power in technical teams is expert as it provides the most respect by the members (Wren, 1995). The assessment score supports the role as project manager for a client’s team and is within the proper range for a transformational leader. Charismatic assessment. Charismatic leaders provoke trust from and are a follower’s role model (ZagorÃ… ¡ek, Dimovski, Ã…  kerlavaj, 2009). The assessment indicates a balanced charismatic nature. To gain more meaning from others, critical listening requires improvement. Emotional intelligence. Emotion refers to a state of sensing ones responses to social information (Dulewicz, Young, Dulewicz, 2005). Intelligence refers to the capacity to understand information (Dulewicz, Young, Dulewicz, 2005). Therefore, emotional intelligence is the capacity to understand and react to social information (Dulewicz, Young, Dulewicz, 2005). The analysis and interpretation section of the assessment indicates balanced emotional intelligence. This assessment indicates the use of emotional intelligence is dependent on the situation and is within a proper range for a transformational leader. Leadership Qualities And Qualities Of LeadershipWorks Cited Bass, B. M. (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations, New York. The Free Press. Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32. Brown, F., Moshavi, D. (2005). Transformational leadership and emotional intelligence: a potential pathway for an increased understanding of interpersonal influence. Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 26(7), 867-871. doi:10.1002/job.334 Dulewicz, C., Young, M., Dulewicz, V. (2005). The relevance of emotional intelligence for leadership performance. Journal of General Management, 30(3), 71-86. Kendrick, J., (2011). Transformational leadership. Professional Safety, 56(11), 14. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/902758508?accountid=458 Limbare, S. (2012). Leadership styles and conflict management styles of executives. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(1), 172-180. Lindebaum, D., Cartwright, S. (2010). A Critical Examination of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership. Journal Of Management Studies, 47(7), 1317-1342. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00933.x Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. (1997), â€Å"What is emotional intelligence: Implications for educators. Emotional development, emotional literacy, and emotional intelligence, 3-31, New York, Basic Books. Pearson. (2007). Whats my emotional intelligence. Retrieved from: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/SAS/ROBBINS_sal3v3/sal3v3web.html PMI, (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (pmbok ® guide) – fifth edition. Retrieved from: http://marketplace.pmi.org/Pages/ProductDetail.aspx?GMProduct=00101095501 Shahhosseini, M., Silong, A. D., Ismaill, I. A. (2013). Relationship between transactional, transformational leadership styles, emotional intelligence and job performance. Researchers World, 4(1), 15-22. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1318925154?accountid=458 Tuckman, B. W., Jensen, M. C. (2010). Stages of small-group development revisited. Group Facilitation: A Research Applications Journal, 1043-1048. Wren, J. T. (1995). The leaders companion: insights on leadership through the ages. New York: The Free Press. ZagorÃ… ¡ek, H., Dimovski, V., Ã…  kerlavaj, M. (2009). Transactional and transformational leadership impacts on organizational learning. Journal for East European Management Studies, 14(2), 144-165.

An Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest free essay sample

An in depth exploration of the characters, themes, symbols and historical background of The Tempest. A man who was cheated of his royal title by his brother and set adrift with his infant daughter, happens upon a deserted island. He defeats the evil master of the island and takes over as ruler. The man feels sorry for the son of the previous master, teaching him his language and housing him. This continues until the man catches him molesting his daughter. As retribution, the man enslaves him.

Should Homework Be Banned to Improve Student’s Life Health

Should Homework Be Banned to Improve Student’s Life Health Should homework be banned? This question bothers many students. According to statistics, teachers assign more assignments than an average student can handle in one night (more than 2 hours of work)! In this article, we are going to discuss more than 10 reasons why homework should be banned and reasons to leave minimum 30-minutes of homework per day. Do you agree or disagree with the fact homework should be banned? We have a unique offer for students in trouble. No matter which type of task a student faces, he/she should keep in mind a responsive, reliable team of certified writers is ready to write essays based on the customer’s instructions. Experts Explain Why Homework Should Be Banned HuffingtonPost in its article supports students from the United States and the United Kingdom who believe the amount of homework tasks is not fair. No more than 30 minutes of after-class tasks are recommended. The primary reason most of the student's name when they try to explain why teachers should refuse homework is the boredom accompanied by laziness. However, scientists have proved there are more reasons to abandon after-class tasks. We offer 10 basic points to consider. 10 Facts Why Homework Should Be Banned These 10 facts why homework should be banned do not force schools and colleges to abandon after-class assignments. Down Time at Home 2 hours of homework is a punishment after sitting 8 hours in class. Going outside, dedicating time to friends, attending hobby clubs, helping parents, and, yes, watching TV and playing games make kids feel kids. Teachers should provide them with more free time. Negative Impact on Tests Should schools ban homework to allow obtaining better grades on the exams? The answer is yes. While students focus on homework assignments, they risk failing to pass their examinations well. It appears that complicated, lengthy assignments are distractions like mobile devices, video games, television, friends, home duties, etc. Threat to Kid’s Nerves Why should schools ban homework for the sake of mental health? Teachers ignore the adverse impact of after-class tasks on the child’s brain and overall level of mental health. Extra Challenges Students who juggle business schedules with after-class activities, internship, or part-time job find it difficult to catch up with additional tasks. They are burned out by the end of the day and have no energy. ORDER PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE Lack of Support One of the valuable reasons why homework should be banned is the fact most teachers fail to explain everything needed to solve the task during the class. Parents cannot help with every task. Student’s friends lack the experience to help, and they have work to do. Professional online services are the only companies that can assist students with their academic tasks of any level. The Way Students Perceive Things Should homework be banned in schools? One more reason to say â€Å"yes† is the fact different students perceive things better in various ways. While some students remember things be rereading the same text several times, others memorize and understand the topic in-depth if they watch a related video. Writing Has Different Effects Some students do understand the subject. Because of the lack of writing or research skills, they risk failing the entire course, and most teachers do nothing to help. No Real Impact on Performance Research by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) proved that in 4 hours of home-taken assignments weekly, the extra time invested in education has a negligible effect on productivity. Irrelevant Content Homework should be banned if it does not have anything to with the topic or studied subject. It is not ethical to assign tasks that students did not cover in class and expect to get excellent papers. More Love, More Care The strictest parents share they do not see their children. Work and education separate these generations. After reducing the amount of after-class tasks, family members will obtain more time to spend together and more support. Read how to finish homework faster. It will save plenty of time and make it possible to dedicate time more to whom you love. Should Homework Be Banned Pros and Cons? To prove this article tries to evaluate things objectively, we will list the reasons why homework should not be banned below. To specify, we do not insist on excluding homework at all. We try to figure out whether kids would be better off alone with the minimum of tasks or overwhelming schedules like now. Minimizing Screen Time Without homework to do, a student spends up to 8 hours in front of the screen per day. The recommended average time is no more than 3 hours on the average: it makes the young people lazy and harms the eyesight. Better study and life habits are the reasons to do homework. Improving Time Management Time management is something every professional need. Without it, it’s impossible to allocate 24 hours per day. Improved Critical Thinking Doing extra assignments after class is the best way to improve both critical thinking skills memory. Developed Sense of Independence Most children strive to obtain more freedom. The child obtains a chance to work independently, exploring personal weaknesses threats. HOMEWORK HELP! Sparking Enthusiasm How about extra motivation? Homework tasks make it possible to encourage parents to communicate more with their kids. Enhanced Research Skills Students have to observe things in-depth to complete their assignments. They learn how to select sources and collect necessary evidence. Learning to Multitask With many tasks to solve in one night, a student trains multitasking skills. A single assignment may require research, writing, and analysis skills plus some computer skills. Getting Ready It is not recommended to assign homework on a day before the examination. After-class activities can help to prepare and enhance the knowledge when assigned separately - teachers should leave some free days before the tests to focus on them. Should Homework Be Banned: Verdict Should homework be banned pros and cons? The article covered advantages disadvantages of assigning tasks after school. Most of the college students accept the usefulness of such tasks, and students should try to cope with their duties. In case of any inconvenience, contact writing gurus to buy custom solutions to any of your academic problems.

Current Issues for Strategic Information Systems Report Essay

Current Issues for Strategic Information Systems Report - Essay Example Lastly, the report offers a summary recommendation for technology adoption by GLM in future, including a costs outline of such an undertaking. The analysis of the impact of adopting future technology enables the company to identify technologies that prove beneficial (Palvia, 2003:161). The implementation of such technologies is integral to the sustainability and growth of GLM. Introduction The report has several parts that comprehensively analyze the adoption and benefits of new technology in the company as far as information systems and information management (IS and IM respectively) improvements are concerned (Ward and Joe, 2002:74). The first part reviews the present status of the IS and IM at GLM, and the impact of adoption of future technologies to the organization’s business culture, model, and structure in the next five years. ... The last part provides a set of recommendation to the organization with a clear outline on financial costs. This report highly recommends that GLM implement these proposals in order to achieve cost saving, improve the workplace environment, meet the demands of current and potential customers, and remain competitive in their market. Review of the Current IS and Future Technologies at GLM The Current GLM’s IS The current IS at GLM has potential for improvement. Drawing upon the pre-workshop document on the company’s IS system, the implementation, and use of information systems is less than ideal. This report provides an overview of the areas presently with IS in the organization in appendix 1 (Travis, 2004:94). From a consultant’s point of view, there is need for improvement on these areas, as discussed later in the report. Future Technologies Technology in the modern world is an integral asset to organization. This is evident from the increasing number of organiza tion and individuals embracing technology in the global market. It has thus become imperative for organizations to adopt technology in order to compete and expand effectively in the market. In this regard therefore, the objective by GLM to expand into the global market must go in hand with adoption of current technology, which will enable it to meet the needs of its current customers as well as attract technology-enthusiastic customers. Thus, GLM needs to leverage this knowledge and subsequently enhance the work processes and communication channels. To achieve this, this report analyzes the technologies that may prove beneficial to the business culture, business model, and structure of GLM as an organization. Among the most significant technologies, include cloud computing, customer relationship

5 paragraph essay In what instances of your own life has malleability

5 paragraph In what instances of your own life has malleability been a factor in success or failure - Essay Example Usually malleability is considered to be a good property to have in the natural sciences. Being malleable means to be adaptable, to take outside influences to improve one’s own personal properties or strong points. Therefore using malleability is a recognised means of driving forward self-improvement and personal development as well. Arguably malleability is also about having to react to different kinds of pressures and other developments which could well be beyond personal control or an individual’s ability to chose. Malleability has played a prominent role in and being a notable factor in personal self-development as well as success. Malleability has allowed for the adoption of thoughts, activities, and the gaining of enhanced personal attributes to thrive at school, college, university, in paid employment, and within in various social groups. Malleability is a personal attribute that is priceless when it comes down to having a flexible approach which allows one to fit in and be very useful in most if not all social, academic, and employment circumstances. As a personal quality malleability means being able to adjust to all circumstances under varying degrees of pressure or high levels of expectations to achieve the desired outcomes and results. In other words demonstrating the personal quality of malleability is a key element in achieving success in academic, social, and employment situations that have already arisen or will arise in the future. Academic institutions, social groups, and businesses all need and will benefit from having people available to them who could clearly show their personal malleability to contribute to team working and decision-making. Malleability could and does make the difference between success or failure, a sound decision or an unsound decision. Personally speaking, or more accurately writing, malleability has

Middle High German, German Fairy Tales and Heinrich von Kleist Essay - 1

Middle High German, German Fairy Tales and Heinrich von Kleist - Essay Example Repetition, often in well- structured stanza form, underlines the poet’s unswerving devotion. 1b The Minnelied is based on a poet/knight figure who reveres a high born lady from afar. There is usually very little exact definition of the social status and real life relationship between the two, because the Minnelied intended to depict love in an idealized fashion. The poet addresses the lady with an almost religious level of adoration, and he emphasizes her serene beauty and his abject devotion. This love is a hopeless kind of love, because there is always a reason why the poet cannot turn his words into reality. Usually the reason is that she is married, and so this means that secrecy is an essential theme. There is a lot of discussion of matters which are visual and tangible, although it is all presented in a stylized way. Although the poet is resigned to his fate, he is also persistent and faithful, never giving up on his hopeless love. This is a given, despite the indiffere nce and even coldness of the lady in question. She cannot show any signs of giving in to the poet’s flattery and entreaties because this would be adultery and would result in her losing the status of a noble and admirable woman. Paradoxically, it is her unavailability that the poet treasures so much. 1c In Middle High German Classicism there are also longer narrative works, which are usually given the label of â€Å"courtly romance.† There are some echoes of Minnesang in this genre, since knights and fair ladies occur regularly in them, but the focus here is much more on the brave exploits of the knights and the concept of chivalry. Besides these there are also heroic epics, which deal with historical subjects over a long period of time. These deal with dynasties and wars, illustrating how power is passed down the generations, and how famous warriors step up to the mark when acts of bravery are required. There are also political set pieces, often in praise of some king or other leader, and many different types of religious writing from songs and prayers, to commentaries, letters and treatises on religious themes, or topics relevant to monks and nuns, such as herbal medicine, miracles and the lives of saints. Historical works like chronicles are also common in this period and they recount religious as well as political events. 1d The period before Middle High German Classicism is known by different terms, depending on whether one is looking at it linguistically or in terms of literary production. From about 700 until about 1100 people spoke what we call â€Å"Old High German† – a collection of dialects which were mostly spoken. The language of literary composition was usually Latin, due to the influence of Christianity, and most people were illiterate. Early Middle High German is therefore more closely aligned with religious themes. Towards the end of the Middle High German Classical epoch, society was changing fast, with greater lev els of literacy, and more people living in towns and cities. This created a new bourgeois class which developed its own taste in literature, much of which was factual (Sachliteratur) and dealt with subjects like commerce and legal issues, or recording of property deals and the like or specialized (Fachliteratur), dealing with practical subjects like farming, alchemy, different trades and the beginnings of scientific explanations for things.

Directional stroop test

Directional stroop test Abstract This study assessed differences in gender performance between males and females for reaction time and error rate on the Directional Stroop Test. To date no study has explored the relationship between gender performance and the Directional Stroop Task, although prior studies have shown that females perform better than males on the Classical Stroop Test. 50 university students (25 males and 25 females) were exposed to 3 stimuli types, in the first they were required to locate the position of the word on the screen by pressing a button to indicate their response, in the second stimuli type participants were required to locate the position of the arrow shown and in the third they were required to select the direction the arrow was pointing in. Findings showed that although females respond faster to the stimuli presented to them and males make fewer errors, overall gender does not have a significant effect on reaction time and error rate. The Effect of Gender, Arrows and Words on Reaction Time and Error Rate The Stroop Effect is widely thought to cause interference because the information of one stimuli interferes when a person is trying to process another stimuli. An example of the Classical Stroop Effect is if the word red was presented to a person in the ink colour blue; the person would automatically try to read the word but the task requires for them to read aloud the ink colour the word has been presented in, this causes interference and results in a slower response. Interference is thought to occur because the process involved in naming words is thought to be automatic, compared to the process involved in naming colours or pictures which is thought to require a voluntary effort (as cited in Macleod, 1991). The famous Classical Stroop effect is named after J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this effect in the 1930s. In Stroops first experiment, he observed that his participants were slightly slower when reading words which were printed in an incongruent ink colour, that is to say that the word did not match the ink colour it was printed in, for example the word blue printed in green ink, compared to reading words which were printed in black ink; this is a demonstration of the effects interference can have on reaction time (as cited in Wuhr, 2007). There have been countless replications in addition to many variations of the Classical Stroop study. In 1977 Wheeler conducted a study in which 36 participants, all of which were college students, were required to first read words aloud and then name the ink colour aloud, they then had to repeat this but indicate their response by pressing buttons. Wheeler found that it took participants twice as long to name ink colours than read the word aloud, however there was no time difference when participants pushed buttons to indicate their responses; interference may occur in the Classical Stroop Test because participants respond verbally (as cited in Wheeler, 1977). There are two theories which attempt to explain the cause of interference which occurs in the Stroop Effect. The first is Speed of Processing Theory which suggests that words are read faster than colours are named and that because of the speed that we read it makes it difficult for us to name the colour the word is printed in, this difficulty causes interference which effectively results in a slower reaction response or incorrect answer. The second theory is Selective Attention Theory which proposes that naming colours requires more attention than reading words, this may be because people are so fluent at reading and therefore this is more of an automatic process, whereas naming the ink colour of a word is not an activity one comes across everyday and therefore this requires more of our attention (as cited in Stroop, 1935). The Selective Attention Theory is consistent with the distinction between two basic types of processing information. Schneider and Shriffin suggested that information can be processed either automatically or in a controlled way. Automatic processing is thought to be involuntary, effortless, fast and requires minimal attention, on the other hand controlled processing is thought to be voluntary, relatively slow and requires more effort and attention (as cited in Schenider and Shriffin, 1977). The Stroop Task has achieved broad recognition as a way to differentiate between controlled and automatic processes. As cited in Cothran and Larsen (2008) processing tasks may become automatic from exposure to repeated experiences, these repeated experiences of particular stimuli strengthens the memory representation a person has which eventually leads to less effort and attention being required. Some psychologists have questioned whether interference can be overcome or reduced by practice; in a s tudy by Shor, Hatch, Hudson, Landrigan and Shaffer (1972) researchers observed that interference was still present even after participants had training and practice of between 30-50 days (as cited in Shor, Hatch, Hudson, Landrigan Shaffer, 1972). However, in another study researchers found that older and younger participants displayed a decrease in interference for the colour-word Stroop test after humdreds of practice trials, although older participants consistently displayed greater interference effect throughout the practice compared to younger participants (as cited in Davidson, Zack Williams 2003). The type of Stroop variation which has been developed for this study is the Directional Stroop, an example of this is if the word right was presented on the left hand side of a screen and the participants were asked to locate the position of the word whilst ignoring its content. One of the first studies investigating the Directional Stroop Effect was conducted by Shor (1970,1971) who in the first condition inserted the words left, right, up and down into arrows, which were pointing in the directions named but were not congruent to the name in the arrow, for example, an arrow may be pointing right but it will have the word left embedded into it. Shor observed that interference was present when participants identified the words with a manual response, but not when they identified the words with a vocal response. In the second condition of the study Shor only used arrows and observed that interference was present when participants identified the arrows using both manual and vocal respon ses, but this interference was small in relation to the Classical Stroop. This study also indicates the importance of the type of stimuli being used in studies, arrows have produced interference for both manual and vocal responses compared to arrows which have directional words embedded into them (as cited in Baldo, Shimamura Prinzmetal 1998). Furthermore, in a study by Clarke and Brownell (1975) participants were asked to decide whether arrows were pointing either up or down whilst positioned inside a rectangle; in a study by White (1969) participants were asked to name the position of the words North, East, South and West inside a rectangle; both studies found similar results to Shor, with small but reliable interference. There have been many studies which have included variations within the Directional Stroop Test (Greenwald 1977; Dyer 1972; Pieters 198; Roefols, Turrenout Coles 2006). In studies done by Seymour (1973/1974) and Palef and Olsen (1975) participants were asked to name the locations of words in relation to a fixation point, both studies noted that interference was present (as cited in MacLeod, 1991). Many studies have also looked at the link between gender and Stroop performance. Even before the Stroop task, a psychologist named Ligon (1932) claimed that girls were able to name colours faster than boys, although he did not note any difference in their word-reading speed ability (as cited in MacLeod, 1991). This claim may be supported by some of the findings that researchers have discovered in their studies; one study found that females performed better than males on 2 colour card tests (Golden 1974), another study found that females gave a significantly higher performance than males after both sexes completed the colour-word test 5 times (as cited in Sarmany, 1977). According to Baroun (2006) females have been found to have an advantage over males for colour recognition and have been reported to be quicker at reacting to Stroop tasks; another psychologist suggested that this may be due to the general response speed females have (as cited in Jensen, 1965). Other psychologists such as Shen (2005) suggested that males take a longer than females on the Stroop task because males have a different cognitive strategy to females (as cited in Shen, 2005). There has always been controversy over whether there are differences in gender performance on the Stroop test and many studies have attempted to test whether differences in gender performance exist or not. In a study by Baroun and Alansari (2004) 210 university students took part in the Stroop test, 96 were male and 114 were female, although Baroun and Alansari found that Kuwaiti students (140 of the participants) had greater interference than British students (70 of the participants), no gender differences were observed for Stroop interference (as cited in Baroun Alansari, 2004). However in 2006, a study by the same researchers found differences in gender performance in Kuwaiti males and females on the Stroop test, researchers found that Kuwaiti females were faster on the colour card Stroop than Kuwaiti males (as cited in Baroun Alansari, 2006). The dependant variables for this study are reaction time and error rate and it is important to research what previous investigators have found in relation to reaction time and error rate, as this provides valuable contributions as to what should be expected. Mekarski, Cutmore and Suboski (1996) tested 6 males and 8 females in a Stroop test in which reaction time and error rate was measured. Researchers found that males were consistently slower than females but error rates did not differ significantly (as cited in Mekarski, Cutmore Suboski, 1996). Boyden and Gilpin (1798) established that errors made on 2 tests were correlated positively for males but not for females, they indicated that this may be due to males being linked distractability and being impulsive. Many psychologists have suggested that although females may be faster in naming colours for the Stroop Test this does not relate to the measuring of interference (as cited in Macleod, 1991). As mentioned previously the type of stimuli used in studies is important. In one study 36 undergraduate students were required to respond to one stimulus whilst ignoring another, so if presented with an arrow participants were required to ignore the word stimuli, and if presented with a word then they were required to ignore the arrow stimuli. Researchers found greater interference for participants when they responded manually to the word stimuli whilst ignoring the arrow stimuli as well as when they responded vocally to the arrow stimuli whilst ignoring the word stimuli. Although interference was present for both types of stimuli the magnitude of interference seems to be dependent on response modalities; vocal or manual (as cited in Baldo, Shimamura Prinzmetal 1998). Many of the studies investigating the effects of gender performance that have been discussed have tested reaction time but not error rate. This study has been carried out because there is a lack of studies investigating the difference in gender performance for the Directional Stroop, although there are handfuls which have done so for the Classical Stroop. This study aims to explore the Directional Stroop Effect using words and pictorial targets in the form of arrows and its effect on reaction time and error rate between males and females. This study will examine whether interference occurs in participants for both words and pictorial targets and whether gender has any effect on reaction time and error rate. The hypothesis for this study is that there will be a significant difference in performance between males and females, which will be measured by reaction time and error rate. A further hypothesis being tested is that stimuli type will effect reaction time and error rate. Method Participants The participants used for this study were 50 University of Greenwich students (25 males and 25 females) who were obtained through stratified random sampling method; a sampling method which allows individuals to be equally selected for participation therefore reducing bias, but also selecting individuals who belong to a certain sub-group, this study only required 25 males and 25 females. This study was conducted in the U.K. Materials The materials used for this study include a borrowed laptop from the University of Greenwich with the software application Superlab. Superlab is an effective application for presenting visual stimuli on the screen, and was used in this study to present word and arrow stimuli in addition to recording the reaction time and error rates of participants to explore the performance level between males and females. Design This is a quantitative study and a repeated measures design was used to reduce individual differences and test the effect of 3 factors at the same time. The independent variables are gender and stimuli; gender has 2 levels (male and female) and stimuli has 3 levels (word-location, arrow-location, arrow-direction). The dependent variables for this study are reaction time (in milliseconds) and error rate. This study has used a correlation analysis which describes how one variable relates to another, in this study we are looking at whether gender has an effect on the reaction time and error rate of participants performance and whether stimuli type can affect reaction time and error rate. Procedure Participants were first given an information sheet detailing the procedure of what they would have to do and any ethical risks involved in the study and were then asked to sign the consent form declaring that they had read and understood the details of the study. To maintain confidentiality of records participants were asked to invent a personal code, known only to them and which would be used to identify their data should they choose to remove it. Each participants personal code was entered into Superlab before they started their study to ensure that data recorded concerning their reaction time and error rate would be saved under their personal code. Participants were informed that there would first be a practice session to ensure they understood what to do; the practice session consisted of 2 slides, after the practice session participants began with the first condition of the study which was responding to where the location of a word on the screen was by pressing a button. The wor ds used in this study were up, down, left and right; participants were presented with a RB-530 response pad (see appendix a) which they used to indicate their responses. The second condition of the study was responding to where the location of an arrow was on the screen by press the correct button on the response pad and the third condition was participants responding to the direction in which the arrow on the screen was pointing; each of the conditions consisted of 10 slides, participants reaction time was measured from when the stimuli appears on the screen to when participants press any button. After the experiment participants were provided with a debrief sheet containing details of what the study was investigating and contact details of the investigator. Results The raw data (Appendix B) was analysed using PASW Statistics 17. A mixed design was performed on reaction time and error rate separately. The between subject factor was gender (male/female) and the within subject factor was stimuli (word-location/arrow-location/arrow-direction). Discussion The results show that females have performed faster and made fewer errors for the word-location stimuli compared to males, similarly males have performed faster and made fewer errors for the arrow-direction stimuli. However, arrow-location is the stimuli in which both males and females have scored high, one of each dependant variable; males made the least errors but females gave the fastest responses. Results also show that stimuli type affects participants reaction time significantly, but does not have a significant effect on error rate, additionally results showed a weak stimuli X gender interaction on reaction time in particular and a significant stimuli X gender interaction on error rate, however gender alone does not seem to have a significant effect on reaction time or error rate. The results from this study indicate that overall women respond faster to the Directional Stroop and that males and females do not differ significantly in terms of error rate. The findings show that arrow-direction is the stimuli in which participants take the longest to respond and also tend to make the most errors, this may be explained by the Selective Attention Theory, which may suggest that naming the direction of an incongruent arrow may require more attention as the participants have to focus on the point of the arrow, compared to naming the location which does not require as much focus on the stimuli, but more on its location on the screen. Many psychologists and studies (Ligon 1932; Golden 1974; Sarmany 1977; von Kluge 1992; Baroun 2006; Baroun Alansari 2006) have previously implied that females respond faster than males, additionally Jensen (1965) proposed that this may be because of the general response speed females have. The results from this study are similar to the findings in the study performed by Mekarski, Cutmore and Suboski (1996) who found that males responded slower but there were no significant differences between males and female for error rate. The results for the present study show that overall females responded the fastest and males made the fewest errors. 50 University of Greenwich students were used as participants for this study and 50 participants can be assumed to be a small and unrepresentative sample of the general population. For future studies a larger sample could be collected and participants could be selected for their age as well as their gender, age would be interesting variable to examine and investigate how people from different age groups differ in performance. This study took place in the U.K. and therefore lacks in ecological validity, the participants from this study were all obtained from the U.K. and were all volunteers therefore it is difficult to draw up appropriate conclusions about cause and effect relationships because the findings from this study may not be generalisable to people from other countries. Baroun and Alansari (2004) found that Kuwaiti students displayed greater interference than British students, this is a good example of how the present study may not be generalisable to other people. However, the study Baroun and Alansari conducted in 2006 did find similar results to the present study; females were reported to respond quicker to the stimulus presented to them than males, therefore there may be certain variables which have been found world-wide and others which still need to be investigated. The experiment also lacks ecological validity because it was not a realistic situation, people would not usually press buttons on a response pad indicating their answers to what they see on a laptop screen. In this study all the participants started with the word-location stimuli and then moved to the arrow-location stimuli and then finally finished with the arrow-direction stimuli, this may have led to the order of stimuli being confounded. Participants have been reported to respond slowest and make the most errors to the arrow-direction stimulus, but participants may have been affected by an extraneous variable which may have effectively slowed down their reaction time and therefore affected their results. Extraneous variables are situations or factors which can have an impact on participants performance and results. In future replications of this study the order of presenting stimuli could be counterbalanced which is a method used to avoid the confounding of variables. Participants could be divided into different groups and each group could be shown the stimuli in a different order. Before the actual experiment started, participants were given the opportunity to experience a practice session, however as this practice session was only 2 slides long and only used the word-location stimuli participants may not have understood or had the chance to properly understand what they were asked to do. For future replications of this study it can be suggested that participants experience at least 2 slides of each stimuli type which they will be presented to them in the real experiment so that they can actually practice properly and have have a real opportunity to understand what there are being instructed to do. Another limitation of this study is that slides showing each stimuli one by one flows straight to the next one as soon as the participant presses a button on their response pad. Participants are informed at the beginning of the study that they must try to respond as quickly as they can, and in haste some participants may have missed the slide which describes the next set of instructions for the next stimuli type. Due to this error participants may respond slowly because they are suddenly exposed to an arrow instead of a word which they have been exposed to in the previous slides, in addition to this if participants miss the slide informing them to switch from selecting the location of the arrow to the direction the arrow is pointing in then they may make errors, which may as a result be due to misunderstanding of instructions. It may be more effective if after every stimuli type is presented there is either a loud beep sound indicating the start of a new stimuli type or for each stim uli type to be opened in a separate window as to avoid any confusion. Future replications should also include congruent stimuli to begin with so that reaction time and possibly error rate can be compared to when participants are shown uncongruent stimuli. Unfortunately the eye-sight of participants were never tested before the study therefore there is no guarantee of whether any of the participants were long sighted and may have had difficulty viewing what was on the screen. Although the words and pictorial targets used were of a large size, future studies should ensure a check-up of participants eye-sight before the study to ensure that this variable does not affect the outcome of the results. As discovered in the study conducted by Baldo, Shimamura and Prinzmetal (1998) response modalities can have a great impact on the amount of interference observed. Future studies into gender and the Directional Stroop could use both manual and vocal responses from participants, this would help expand knowledge on how type of response could affect interference. In addition to this the present study presented words and pictorial targets separately, future replications could include a condition which presents words and pictorial targets combined as well as separate. This study used a quantitative design method which is statistically reliable as well as replicable. However the results provided are also likely to be limited as they provide a less descriptive and detailed account of the actual human behaviour which takes place during interference for the Stroop test. It is believed that for this study a quantitative approach was the right design method, there are no studies which could be found, which have investigated gender and its effect on reaction time and error rate for the Directional Stroop therefore any future psychologists who wish to investigate these variables and effects further will be able to easily replicate the methods used for this study. A future replication of the Directional Stroop Effect could use a matched pairs design in which group one are tested as if they are taking the hazard perception practice section of a driving test, participants would need to locate the uncongruent directional words and pictorial targets, which could be in the form of an arrow or other road signs. The second group of the matched pairs design study would also need to locate the same uncongruent directional words and pictorial targets but would also have a distractor task such as trying to text someone from a mobile phone at the same time they are locating the uncongruent stimuli. This type of study should be able to provide some insight into the type of interference drivers experience and which type of distractors, such as making a call, sending a text message to someone, or even applying make-up, cause the most accidents or interference. In conclusion, the results support the hypothesis that stimuli type affects reaction time, although stimuli type does not seem to have any affect on the error rate of participants. In consistency with some previous studies (Merkarski, Cutmore Suboski 1996; Baroun Alansari 2004) the results from the present study has found that females respond faster than males, which may be explained by Jensen (1965) who suggests that this is possibly related to the general response speed of females. Results also show that males make fewer errors than females, however there is no overall significant difference between gender performance for the Directional Stroop Effect. References Baldo, J.V., Shimamura, A.P. and Prinzmetal, W. (1998) Mapping symbols to response modalities: Interference effects on Stroop-like task. Perception and Psychophysics, Vol. 60 (3), 427-437. Baroun, K. and Alansari, B. (2004) Gender and culture performance differences on the Stroop colour and word test: A comparative study. Social Behaviour and Personality, Vol. 32 (30), pp.235-246. Baroun, K. and Alansari, B. (2006) Gender differences in performance on the Stroop Test. Social Behaviour and Personality, Vol. 34 (3), 309-317. Cothran, D. and Larsen, R. (2008) Comparison of inhibition in two timed reaction tasks: The Colour of Emotion Stroop Tasks. Journal of Psychology: Indisciplinary and Applied, 142 (4), 343-385. Retrieved from PsycINFO database. Davidson, D., Zack, R. and Williams, C. (2003). Stroop interference, practice, and aging. Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition, Vol. 10 (2), 85-98. Golden, C.J. (1974) Sex differences in performance on the Stroop colour and word test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 39 (3), 1067-1070. Retrieved from PsycINFO database. Jensen, A.R. (1965). Scoring the Stroop Test. Acta Psychologica, Vol. 24, (5), 398-408. MacLeod, C.M. (1991) Half a century of research on the Stroop Effect: An Integrative Review. Vol. 19 (2), 163-203. Psychology Bulletin. Mekarski, J.E., Cutmore, T.R. And Suboski, W. (1996) Gender Differences during processing of the Stroop Task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 83 (2), 563-568. Sarmany, I. (1997) Different performance in Stroops Interference Test from the aspect of personality and sex. Studia Psychologica, 19, (1) 60-67. Retrieved from PsycINFO database. Schneider, W. and Shriffin, R.M. (1977) Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: Detection, Search and Attention. Psychological Review, 84, pp. 1-66. Shen, X. (2005) Sex differences in perceptual processing performance on the colour-kanji Stroop Task of visual stimuli. International Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 115 (12), 1631-1641. Shor, R.E. Hatch, R.P., Hudson, L.J., Landrigan, D.T. and Shaffer, H.J. (1972) Effect of practice on Stroop-like spatial directions task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol. 94 (2), 168-172. Stroop, J.R. (1935) Studies on interference in serial verbal reaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. von Kluge, S. (1992) Trading accuracy for Speed: Gender Differences on a Stroop task undder mild performance anxiety. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 75 (2), 651-657. Wheeler, D.D. (1977) Locus of interference on the Stroop Test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 45 (1), 263-266. Wuhr, P. (2007) A Stroop Effect for Spatial Orientation. The Journal of General Psychology, 134, (3), 285-294.

Urbanization in the Kurdistan Region Essay -- Sustainable Development

Introduction Urbanization: The process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities (Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary). Sustainable development: The ability of an activity or development to continue in the long term without undermining that part of the environment which sustains it (Scottish Natural Heritage, 1993). The process of urbanization and the population growth across the world has been increasing over the last 40 years, and it is expected to happen in the developing countries' urban areas. Kurdistan is a developing country; before Kurdistan region was not as developed as it is now, and it still needs more development. Kurdistan is considered as a 3rd world country, and that was because the central governments of Iraq did not give enough attention to this region like they did to Baghdad, Mosul and Basra. That is why; this region became less developed than the rest of Iraq. When the region became under the Kurdish authority they tried hard to develo p and give special attention to the region and especially Erbil since it is the capital of the region. Only in a few years the KRG region developed dramatically, before Erbil used to have one public university (Salahaddin University) and now it has many universities; institutions, private universities. This is considered as a great educational development for the Kurds. People now are more educated and have a better life in comparison to the past. As a developing country KRG region has many problems in general also problems concerning the urbanization, because the majority of the population is gathered in three main cities, and this causes lots of problems to the people in the cities. Also to the people who are living in the rural are... ... need a lot of time. Conclusion This essay clearly identified three problems of urbanization within the KRG region and to what extent each one of these problems can be solved by policies of sustainable development. However, not all the solutions can be applicable in the Kurdistan region consequently; while some can be very well applicable. All in all, most of the problems can be solved by the government since the budget of this region is in their hands. Kurdistan is an arable region, also has lots of many oil wells, all these are concerned with nature, so the government should make good use of these resources. Moreover, these problems can also be solved by appropriate planning, getting help from expert foreigners, and spending a great deal of time on such these issues. Even though the people's contribution is a must but that is just a part of the solution.

Bank of Canada Monetary Policy

On the contrary to the policies of the United States, material about Canada’s monetary policy was easily accessible on the Bank of Canada website, straight-forward and easy to understand. It’s clear that their target audience is the average Canadian citizen. They didn’t give the ‘run-around’ so- to- speak, of what their main objectives are, and much of it was watered down so that anyone could comprehend it. The Bank focuses on keeping inflation low, stable and predictable in order to encourage long-term investments for citizens to contribute to lasting economic growth, the creation of jobs and increased productivity – which will ultimately improve standard of living. This strategy is encompassed by the inflation control target that was adopted by the Bank of Canada in 1991, which sets a control range of 1-3 percent, ideally with a 2 percent midpoint. And, looking at historical statistics since its inception, the Bank has been able to maintain this control effectively. For example, inflation rate for 1Q 2013 was 1. 3%. According to the Bank, this monetary policy is implemented by influencing short-term interest rates which is done by raising or lowering the target for the overnight rate. In the end, a reduction in the policy rate, or easing of monetary policy, can be expected to boost total demand for Canadian goods and services, and vice versa. In addition to this, another goal for the Bank is maintaining flexible exchange rates – which they consider best suited for achieving their inflation target. The floating Canadian dollar provides an exchange rate buffer which allows the economy to absorb and adjust to economic shocks it may encounter. Though additional factors like exchange rates and unemployment seem to be important to policy makers, they are not focused on as intently as inflation and little information is available in regard to them. Their thinking is that monetary policy cannot have a systematic and sustained effect on any other variable, thus making it senseless to adopt any other long-term targets. It seems apparent that the Canadian policy strives to remain â€Å"forward looking† in a sense. The Bank places much of its emphasis on long-lasting shocks to the economy, rather than those believed to be short lived. By attempting to keep inflation close to their target, they consider themselves better able to respond to changes in the economic environment in such a way to avoid situations of excess demand or upply. Thus, pressures of inflation rising or falling are kept to a minimum. There’s much argument surrounding whether or not Canada’s policy is really that good or if they have just been lucky over the years. Volatility has increased in the Canadian economy over the years, however, they believe that their â€Å"exceptional† economic performance was the result of an even greater imp rovement in monetary policy and the policy offset the volatile environment, resulting in greater macroeconomic performance. It’s especially important to the Bank to remain credible to the Canadian people by being open and clear about their policy choices. They feel that this credibility keeps expectations to preserve future inflation close to the target and this â€Å"anchors† them to ensure that it happens. Even though Canada’s approach to communicating its monetary policy is much different than that of the United States, one could argue that they may be ‘putting blinders’ on their citizens, to avoid poor performance in other areas. Is their layman, tunnel vision approach regarding inflation control diverting the public from questioning whether or not it the best framework to utilize to drive the economy in a positive direction? The Canadian economy is still struggling to recover from the Great Recession and is trying to find ways in order to avoid the zero lower bound issue, but they put little importance communicating on how they are going to do so with the public.

A Different History by Sujata Bhatt †Analysis Essay

Explore the ideas in the poem A Different History by Sujata Bhatt. Sujata Bhatt reflects and explores on the ideas of ‘culture, ‘values’, human struggle, religion combined with its beliefs and acquisition of foreign or strange language. Bhatt invites the readers and takes them through the culture of India and its religious beliefs that every life respects them there. There is enough vocabulary to understand this in the poem. She also expresses her bitterness and strong emotions towards the struggle and torture borne by the people ‘here’ in the past. She wonders and ponders on the issues of ‘tongue’ and ‘language’ She shows her amazement and expresses her inability to understand how people ‘here’ learn to love the ‘strange language’ that put to suffer the torture and struggle for identity. The poem does not have a traditional structure in terms of stanzas or the rhyme scheme in it. The complex ideas of religion, beliefs, values, culture and loving foreign language might be the reasons for composing it with no rhyme and irregular parts. The first 18 lines run in religious and reverential tone but the poet immediately shifts to bitterness and wonder. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay The first part begins with an introduction to the Nature god, Great Pan, who assumed to be dead to rest of the world. But Bhatt reminds the world that India welcomed this ‘immigrant’. The phrase,’Great Pan is not dead’, conveys the world that the culture of worshipping â€Å"Nature’ gets home in India. The word ‘emigrated’ shows us that this emigrant is neither dead nor has intensions to return to his country. Thus, she makes a point that the culture in India is unique with ‘A Different History’; a history which respects and worships the Nature and the environment around without somebody gives any awareness. Introducing the word ‘India’, she touches the living values and culture in this country. She tries to conjure the readers into understanding how the people ‘here’ believe in ‘snakes and monkeys as gods’. She explores on the values and beliefs of the people ‘here’. The word ‘sacred’ allows the readers understand the inherited values and beliefs here about worshipping ‘trees’. She brings out the picture of togetherness in animals and trees. The simile ‘disguised as snakes and monkeys’ provides us the clue to the belief of sacredness. Bhatt explains the fact that ‘sin’ doesn’t need to be a serious wrong act in ‘this culture’ but a small act can be ‘sin’. Bhatt uses three verbs that denote rudeness in behavior towards books. She uses ‘shove’ , ‘slam’, and ‘toss’ to explain how the culture ‘Here’ values knowledge. Though treating a book rudely is not an act of disrespect but an act of ‘sin’ here’; a serious connotation. Bhatt uses the word ‘sin’ three times to mean more than a wrong act in life. This throws light on the culture of ‘India’ and values observed here. Bhatt gives a hint of religious beliefs in her though not really enthusiastically to prevent the idea of negativity in her ideas. She introduces ‘Sarasvati’ to the readers of English as a ‘goddess of Arts’ – knowledge, painting and music. She conveys that the people( ‘soul’) enjoy endless freedom ‘here’ but they are bound to observe the beliefs of this culture. The line ‘You must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. disturbing Sarasvati’ highlights the idea the freedom is in respecting one’s culture and self but not enjoying oneself which is selfishness. There is a hint of dualism in 17th and 18th lines. These lines express the value system which is an ‘obligation’ in this culture. We can understand this with the word ‘must’ in the poem. Bhatt suddenly shifts her tone from reverential attitude to bitter and emotional tone in the second part of the poem. She questions all the histories in the world to recollect how different ‘oppressors’ and ‘conquerors’ left their ‘tongues’ to destroy other cultures. The metaphor ‘oppressor’s tongue’ and two rhetorical questions in the second part make the readers feel guilty of human history. It is a history of oppression which left dark chapters. The word ‘murder’ makes it very clear that the history of ‘oppressors’ is not very appreciable. She expresses her bitterness and shows aggressiveness for forcing the ‘tongue’ on ‘a different culture’. Bhatt closes the poem with amazement in the last 7 lines. She uses enjambment to compose the complex idea of acquisition of ‘strange language’. She asks ‘how does it happen’ but continues to answer her own question with wonder and amazement. Bhatt feels that it is quiet difficult to understand how people love the language left by the ‘conquerors’ face’ after the ‘soul’ borne the torture. It becomes wonder for the poet to notice that the people here were left with ‘cropped soul’ but they stepped into future to love ‘the strange tongue’. English language must be the strange language that she refers in the poem. Maybe, people here welcome the change with time and life and they are kind to forgive or forget the past as it is no more important in the present. She uses ‘the unborn grandchildren’ which allows the readers to understand that the present generations are living in a different culture where everyone ccepts other cultures. Bhatt seems to be fearful to see the danger of forgetting the language of origin. Because the ‘strange language’ is lovable now, it may lead to the disappearance of mother tongue. She uses ‘unborn grandchildren’ to mean the generations who would come in this world. She also hints that these generations would accept and welcome all the cultures that they live in. Today, the world is not left with a culture that is purely not affected. So the poet thinks one might live and accept different cultures that affect them. The poet gives us the universal theme of ‘acceptance of all the cultures’. Though one would love his/her own culture, it also happens that people(souls) accept and begin to love other language(strange language). In conclusion, I think that the poem explores the ideas from culture to values and oppression to loving strange language. Readers also understand the ideas of culture, religion, beliefs and ‘a history with difference’; where people are kind and modest to accept different culture and their language yet continue to have ‘a different history’ for themselves.

Crucible Essay Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

Crucible Essay Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible Crucible Essay The Crucible Essay The story The Crucible takes place during the times of the Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. This was a time of much hypocrisy in the people of the town of Salem. Many people believed anything they heard or saw. Although The Crucible is fictitious, the story depicts the historical information of the Salem witch trials, and blends them with fictitious characters with minds of their own to create a very realistic plot and conflict in this story. This story has a few themes that are shown through the actions and the thoughts of the characters. One theme that I felt had an impact on the outcome of the story is Fear and suspicion can produce hysteria which results in the destruction and breakdown of the people. The thesis of the story is shown by peoples actions people can become suspicious of one thing and this leads to an uprising in the town and the people. The story begins with the dancing of the girls in the forest. When the girls are seen they become scared and run off. This is what leads to the uprising in the town. The Puritans are viewed as being very religious they believe in God and everything he did for them. They believe in an unconditional election in which God has no obligation to save anyone, no matter how little the problem is. The Puritans use this during the witch trials in which they hanged many people that were innocent of witchcraft. These hangings happened because everyone believed everything the girls said and showed. People in the crowd seemed awe struck by the girls and their ability to view people as witches or not. These hangings produced hysteria in the townspeople. In the story because of the dancing of the girls the priests of the town, Hale and Parris believed that the girls called the devil upon their town. Many people are accused of witch craft because of the girls. Puritans also believe in The Supremacy of Divine Will in which god is absolute. When the girls supposedly brought Satan upon their town the people got frightened and the only way to get rid of the demons in the town is through several hangings. The girls was the link between the people they could see Satan and the people that followed his work. Through the stories the girls lied about what they saw this should not have happened. The girls took their fear out on the people of the town and they did not even realize it. The thesis of this story has a large impact on the people and the conflict of the story. The other side of my thesis would have explained that if nobody in the town got suspicious or involved in the witch trials there would not have been hysteria in the people. If this was true there may have been many lives saved including John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse. The other side of the thesis was not used because the opposite of the thesis does not explain the way the outcome of the story was. If nobody got involved in the trials the conflict/outcome would have been different. In conclusion peoples actions and suspicions of one thing can lead to and uprising in the town. Throughout the story the people turned to the girls to rely on who was a witch. The girls were led by Abigail she stunned everyone with her attitude and her ability to see the Devil. Because of what the girls said there was a disturbance in the town. The Crucible is a great example of fictional/history. It also shows that you can not always believe what you hear because it may not be true.

Toyota Australia to UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toyota Australia to UAE - Essay Example The popularity of the Toyota and its reputation has been considered in dealing with the analysis. Selection of areas were highlighted which could provide added benefit to the export of the business. The underlying risk associated with the entry of foreign markets was also studied in detail. The market of UAE have been found to be promising for the Australian export market and owing to the benefits the market provides Toyota should not resist its temptation to test its fortune in the market. An added advantage which the market of UAE provides is in the low price of diesels, which generally increases the sale of cars. Other than the general market analysis a study of the associated service has been done to find out whether any obstacles lie in the smooth running of the business. 7. Macro-environmental analysis of UAE 7.1 Political and Legal Environment of UAE: The government of UAE is the combination of seven emirates which is ruled by the president. The government of UAE is flexible r elating to the investment from the foreign countries. It promotes and encourages foreign countries to enter their region and carry out business. Despite the nation being the combination of seven different emirates but there exist federalism in the UAE companies law and is applicable throughout. The UAE free zone offers 100%foreign ownership and tax exemptions to companies operating over a period of 15-50 years (United Arab Emirates UAE tax rates, n.d). So it is quite encouraging for the companies to invest in UAE. Owing to such favorable factors the foreign investment in UAE accounted to108billion dollar in 2011. (FDI in UAE, 2008,) 7.2 Economic Environment of UAE: The economic condition in UAE is always on a high and in recent times it is expected to grow at a rate of 3-3.5% in 2011. UAE’s rising economy can be contributed to the export of oil, which over the years have gained considerable amount of revenue for the country. It significantly rose to 30% and caused earnings of 74 billion dollars (UAE oil income up 30% in 2010, 2011). It happens to rise at a considerable rate every year. The employment rate in UAE is considerably high as the foreign companies are obliged to recruit local people. Out of approximately 2 million populations in the emirate a staggering 86.6% of them are economically active. (Holdsworth, 2010) Dubai sees 19% decrease in unemployment rate 7.3 Socio-cultural Environment of UAE: The standards of living of the inhabitants are pretty high owing to the good financial position of most number of people. UAE has a diverse culture of people as many foreign bodies have established their base in the country. 7.4 Competitive Environment in UAE: The demand for luxury cars in UAE is always on a high and the automobile industry faces sufficient growth over the years in UAE. There is a strong presence of local car manufactures as well as the presence of international brands like Hyundai. The sales figure of Arabian automobiles recorded an 18% growth and the increase in sales of the Japanese firm was accounted due to introduction of new brands of car. The overall market grew by 19.7% in the year of 2010. The rise in sales of cars have added considerable amount of competition among the big players in the market. (UAE automotive industry record high growth in sales, 2011) 8. SWOT analysis STRENGTH 1. The company ,Toyota had

Natural disaster, early warning and the role of mobile Essay

Natural disaster, early warning and the role of mobile - Essay Example e in Noah’s time which wiped out the whole world except Noah and his family; the January 24, 1556 earthquake in Shaanxi, China which snuffed the lives of 830,000 Chinese; the 1835 New York City conflagration which demolished 500 buildings; the March 18, 1925 tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana and Minnesota, USA which exterminated 689 lives; and the tidal waves cum floods that slaughtered some 900,000 lives along the Huang He River in China that fateful day in 1887 ( Hoffman 540-542), humanity absorbed all the losses with complete helplessness and came out of the trying experience traumatised but with a will to start life all over again. Today’s disasters taught humanity to respond and prepare to that moment when nature on a mad rampage delivers once again its deathly whipping that normally results to a gnashing of teeth. Today governments and the private sector or various non-government organisations exert gargantuan efforts to resist these natural catastrophes. They have l earned to formulate strategies to mitigate the destructive effects of these cataclysms. The first conceived step is the establishment of early warning systems wherein accurate, timely information about incoming disasters is gathered and relayed to specific agencies designed to With early warning systems, the menacing effects of these catastrophes can be diminished when communities are forewarned and given enough time to prepare especially to evacuate. The accurate measurement of seismic waves as invented in 1935 by Charles Richter (McCarthy 433) using the seismograph invented as early as 132AD by Zhang Heng was a high landmark in the forewarning of an incoming devastating earthquake (Henshaw 185). A more important invention that allowed man to brace against the merciless onslaught of typhoons, cyclones or hurricanes was the TIROS-1, invented by NASA scientists in 1960 and which became the very first weather satellite that can detect hurricanes, typhoons or cyclones, which are basically

Conflict requiring conflict management;your manager takes you to the Essay

Conflict requiring conflict management;your manager takes you to the office to talk to you about an error.she starts shouting at you - Essay Example Conflict prevalence in movies as well as TV shows implies that disputes as well as arguments together with disagreements are both necessary and normal in life. Conflict occurs in good relationships as well as happy families and even healthy workplaces as it occurs in wacky families as well as remote islands, outer space and even in hospitals. Worth observing is the fact that conflict is neither good nor is it bad, it just is. In situations where choices have to be made disagreement is inevitable. Handling such differences in opinion in a proper manner derives richer as well as more effective and creative solutions which also fosters interaction. Worth acknowledging is the reality that every situation that results into differences does not always mean that such differences can be turned into opportunities. When disagreement is dealt with poorly the outcome is always contention. Contention, in the end, creates the basis for nurses’ psychological distance with the management. Thi s psychological distance constitutes feelings of dislike, alienation, competition as well as disregard. With regard to conflict management theory, the employer seems to have assumed that the employee has yielded to wrong doing. While it is true that the manager can readily perceive the undesirable consequences as well as the ugliness of escalating contention, she has not considered how unproductive and detrimental the employees withdrawing or giving in is. If the employee chose to yield to the employer’s accusations and thus her shouting, in some instances it is not only wise of the employee but honourable. However, on overall it would be detrimental for the employee as yielding will result into psychological withdrawal from the situation. The manager also seems to have opted to be aggressive in dealing with the employee. She uses threats as well as intimidation and perhaps she

The Princess Bride Essay Example for Free

The Princess Bride Essay It would not come as a big surprise if the Princess Bride is better known on its movie version than on its literary genius. There are a great deal of people who prefer to watch a movie than to read a good book and that is exactly where they are missing some of the fun a good book could offer. Sure, many would argue that movie is better since your eyes could capture what the book could not illustrate. However, there is also a certain magic in reading a book and envisioning the scenes than having them spoon-fed at you, not to mention that in a book, you could have the original and the full story. This does not mean, however, that the movie version of the Princes Bride is not worth watching since it is. The film and the book version alike shares a great deal in common, although there are certain things on which the two differs. Both could be considered a great masterpiece because the exciting and touching element of the story is always there that it is hard to miss. Westley and Buttercup for one, went overboard with their love for each other that it leaves no doubt in the audience mind that both means everything and that the two are worthy of each other. Inigo could convey the knack of fascination to a completely new level, and there could be no doubt that he was greatly devastated by the killing of his father and that he is justified for his plans of revenge. Fezzik, ion spite of his being a hired thug, is sweet at heart and is justified to do something right and good for once in his life. The audience, upon watching or reading the Princess Bride could not help but feel for these people and be mesmerized and held up on their escapades. The Princess Bride is basically divided into two stories. The 1st one of which is allegedly an shortened version of S. Morgenstern’s enigmatically, amusing take on the typical fairytale of great adventures in opposing good and gallant young innocents in opposition to the deceitful bad or evil guys. The second part of the story narrates the transformational occurrences which led Goldman to write the good parts abridged version and screenplay of the tale in which the good conquers evil. The story of fairytale is also ever present in the story; it is just as classic and exemplary which concerns the reconciliation of father and son as well as the search to recover an apparently lost gift. This too, is an entertaining story with indistinguishable connotations, both of which makes the audience unsure if the ending would be happy or tragic and these elements are similar in the film and the novel version of the Princess Bride although the novel version is more detailed in its telling something one could not hope to meet in a film version. William Goldman has one artistic stunt which is very beneficial for him in writing his literary masterpieces and was greatly evident in this particular story. Goldman is definitely an expert when it comes to run-on-sentences used to illustrate an action scene. The most notorious action scene in the story is the swordfight between Indigo and the Man in Black which is full of such sentences; however, one could not deny that the book holds a much greater succession of these scenes which is not present in the film. One could not help but notice that with its detailed plot and classy wittiness, this finely honed fairy tale is meant to suit tweens, teens, and adults. The version of the book, however, is more graphic than that of the film’s version to the point that the adventurous and exciting moments are more concentrated and the creepy scenes are much more scarier when read through the book than watched on the film. In the most passionate scenarios, Goldman concentrated on erecting tension and suspense wherein a small amount of illustrative accounts are kept short and concise. In the story (in film and in book) they managed to show that heroes comes in different shapes, sizes, gender, and the like wherein this particular story of good vs. evil showed how friends and strangers alike joined teamed up with each other to beat the bad guys and help the fight in keeping a great love alive. It is not possible to analyze the story without comparing the version of the book from that of the film. William Goldman, the author of the book, is also the one responsible in writing the film’s screenplay so the movie did not break away much from the original plot of the book. However, although there are certain scenarios which are similar in the screen and page version of the story, there is no arguing that the book is more detailed in so many parts, and that it contains more sinister, and frightening settings which are at times not in the film version or were toned down for cinema purposes. The version of the book also goes more profound into the mentalities of the major characters, and side characters are much cultivated, adding the sort of profundity one could never hope to obtain by watching a movie bound by time limits. As was the case in so many fairy tales, the Princess Bride did not depart from the traditional case wherein the story is narrated by a storyteller, with the effect of prompting the book lovers away from their daily lives and on into a world of magic and fantasy. Goldman’s wild journeys bring to mind every sensation and sentiment possible and the plot moves so fast in some areas that have the audiences catching their breaths. One of the things sure to catch the audience attention in the book are depictions of Prince Humperdinck’s Zoo of death as well as additional character advancement of Fezzik and Inigo Montoya by means of moving childhood memories. The portrayal of Humperdinck’s hobby enhances the element of pure evil which is lacking in the film version of the story. The film version of the Princess Bride is also enveloped in a syrupy story of a sick boy who is fortunate enough to have a loving grandfather who read the story to him. The novel version of Goldman’s story however, is enveloped in a completely different, not-so-syrupy story and it is this particular story which raises the captivating account of the Princess Bride from a cunning riff on fantasy stereotypes to a much more momentous and touching book. There are those who holds that the Princess bride is nothing more than a story of passion, duels, miracles, giants, and true love however, the Princess Bride is all that and something more. It is about the function of fantasy as well as its enticing promise of a break from the tiring world of which we are in. This is evident in Goldman’s prologue: true love and high adventure. I believed in that once. I thought my life was going to follow that path Obviously it didnt, but I dont think theres high adventure left any more. The Princess Bride is a story of fantasy which entices its audience to escape the world of reality and have a taste of fantasy and magic at its most demonstrative way. The story is presumably an edited version of a much longer work of S. Morgenstern. Goldman often disrupts the tale to remark on why he decided to remove a particular section of the story or he presents small clarifications on how effectual he felt some passages are. There are those who would view these breaks of narrative as nothing short of irritating, however, if one looks close enough, one would realize that the breaks came from a part of the storyteller who does not want to let go of the diversion and high romanticism of the said tale. The book is supposedly a tale wherein the hero always triumphs over evil and wherein the enemy is so evil, so immoral and dishonorable to the point that the audience would not feel an ounce of understanding or compassion for him, and wherein true love defeats everything and always succeed. However, all of these things mentioned above are fantasy and the point of the author’s intermissions (most particularly his delicately touching ending) is that life is not fantasy, life is not fair, and life is not inspiring â€Å"It’s just fairer than death, that’s all.† What makes the novel version of the story more touching than the film version is that, at the end, one could not help but realize that the enchanting tale of Westley and Buttercup is not really anything but a long mourning for confused and lost romanticism. This book, in a way, tells a person, by relating the most ludicrously tale of them all, is that our ideals or notions of love is of any real use and that by the time one’s end is near one would realize that they have lived a life nothing short of ordinary, and if perchance one did something out of the ordinary, that something occurred by means of serendipity and nothing more. It would make one realize that all that one would have left in the end is the recollection of a time when one have great faith on all of those ideals to the point that the prospect of disappointment did not even cross one’s mind. Of course, there could be other interpretations for the book, yet I believe that this is basically the reason why Goldman stated that the moral of the tale is â€Å"What you do with it will be of more than passing interest to us all.† To conclude, the one thing which I would greatly recommend is for one to read the book and watch the film, however, it would be much better if one read the book first to avoid confusion or to have better understanding of the plot of the story once you watch it in the screen. This advise is mainly because one would have a better understanding of the movie once one know the story behind it by reading the version of the book, it would also save one from getting left behind (if he is watching with someone who has read the book) in the story. Also, save for the fact that the film changed the book’s vague ending with a happier one and one would anticipate a mass entertainment film, the film version of the Princess Bride remained close and devoted to the abridgment of the book, and one would not be surprised to find this out especially if they know that the book’s author and the film’s screenwriter is the same. Works Cited Goldman, William. The Princess Bride: S Morgenstern’s Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure. Del Rey; 25th anniversary edition 1987.

Earthquake In Japan Causes The Tsunami Engineering Essay

Earthquake In Japan Causes The Tsunami Engineering Essay ABSTRACT Earthquake in Japan causes the tsunami happen near the Fukushima nuclear power station on 11th March 2011 shocked of the world. All reactors that have ceased operations automatically as soon as tremors detected. Electric system failure and also shake the reactor cooling system causing an unprecedented explosion in the Fukushima station. Hydrogen explosion occurred at Reactor Buildings that contain atoms known as radioactive hazardous. Radioactive began to spread around the station as far as 20 km to 30 km. due to the Japanese government had warned residents and also advice on the surrounding area to circulate to the area far from the radioactive. In a further report will inform industrial process and operation, impact of the Fukushima nuclear disaster to the society, Ecology, Sociology, health and actions also rates Taken by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Fukushima_I_NPP_1975_medium_crop_rotated_labeled.jpg/220px-Fukushima_I_NPP_1975_medium_crop_rotated_labeled.jpg Introduction The Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, nuclear power plant located on a 3.5-square-kilometre (860-acre) in the towns of Okuma and Futaba in the Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (Tohoku offshore in the Pacific). First commissioned in 1971, the plant consists of six boiling water reactors (BWR). These light water reactors drove electrical generators with a combined power of 4.7 GWe, making Fukushima Daiichi one of the 15 largest nuclear power stations in the world. Fukushima I was the first nuclear plant to be designed, constructed and run in conjunction with General Electric, Boise, and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) This earthquake is the mega thrust earthquake of magnitude 9.0 undersea (Mw) which originates in Japan offshore epicenter located about 70 kilometers (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula Tohoku with a depth of about 32 km (20 bt) in the sea. This is the most powerful earthquake known to have hit the Japanese, and one of the strongest earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping beginning in 1900. This earthquake has triggered a monster tsunami that reached a height of 40.5 meters (133 ft) in Miyako, Iwate of the Tohoku Region, and swept inland as far as 10 km (6 mi) inland in the Sendai area. This earthquake has turned the island of Honshu 2.4 m (8 ft) to the east as well as tilting the Earth on its axis by 10 cm (4 in.) to 25 cm (10 in). According to TEPCO reports a total of 37 with physical injuries, 2 workers taken to hospital with radiation burns. After the interrogation is no person or employee of the station die struck radiation. Some problems also arise in Fukushima Daini station, which houses four (4) reactors, Unit No. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Four units at Fukushima Daini station is operated in the period 1982-1987, and all is well BWR. Four units are also in operation during the occurrence of two earthquakes, and all operations will stop automatically when the vibration is detected. Although the earthquake and tsunami did not affect the structure of the reactor building in all units. Serious incident occurred at Units 1, 2 and 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi as the results of the external power stations are required reactor cooling pool and nuclear fuel storage. by power outage outdoor, emergency generators began operating. Once the tank is washed diesel generator by the tsunami generator fails to operate because then stopped by cooling the reactor system. Sample of nuclear operation When all three cooling system is not operating, the pressure increase in the reactor without control. The high pressure is caused by the boiling water in the reactor has been the absence of an emergency cooling system, and which also contain rates of hydrogen gas generated from the reaction of steam and dangerous radiation in the core reactor. The hydrogen gas occurs when water molecules (H2O) lost due to radiation, to produce hydrogen and oxygen. As a result of the opening of the valve element extract cesium (cesium) that released radioactivity was detected first reactor and around Fukushima Daiichi station. This explosion of a building external hydrogen scheme does not affect the primary containment structure (primary containment) and the secondary reactor (secondary containment). Therefore, more serious radioactive leak has been avoided, but part of the nuclear fuel in the reactor core melting was suspected (partial melt-down). Therefore, the Prime Minister of Japan has expanded evacuation orders to 10 kilometers of Fukushima Daini station. Injection of seawater mixed with boric acid into the reactor Unit 1 at Fukushima Daiichi March 12, 2011, and continued until now. Boric acid intended to absorb neutrons in nuclear reactions in the reactor so that it can be stopped continue to achieve cold shutdown (cold shut-down) form. Overview The earthquake and tsunami 11th March 2011 natural disasters that shocked the whole world. Fukushima nuclear accident in the past year was characterized as a man-made disaster and not simply due to the tsunami, according to a Japanese parliamentary panel in a final report on the disaster. String from the tsunami happened was an unexpected event involving nuclear reactors causing hydrogen gas explosion in the reactor building. The disaster that struck Japans Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station on March 11, 2011, caused the most extensive release of radioactivity the destruction at Fukushima was initiated by natural disasters a huge earthquake and tsunami rather than equipment failure and human error. The tsunami knocked out backup power systems that were needed to cool the reactors at the plant, causing several of them to undergo fuel melting, hydrogen explosions, and radioactive releases. Studies of the Fukushima disaster have identified design changes, response actions, and other safety improvements that could have reduced or eliminated the amount of radioactivity released from the plant. As a result, Fukushima has prompted a re-examination of nuclear plant safety requirements around the world, including the United States. Identifies whether the Fukushima nuclear disaster is natural or man-made. Clearly explain your justification. In investigations of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation said the Japanese government and TEPCO say that failing to prevent the disaster is not as large tsunami is not expected, but because they refuse to invest time, effort and money in protecting against natural disasters is considered impossible. The panel system is not enough to blame the law for managing the nuclear crisis, crisis chaos, direction caused by the government and TEPCO, and excessive intervention possible in the Prime Ministers office in the early stages of the crisis. Panel also said that cultural complacency about nuclear safety and poor crisis management led to a nuclear disaster. With the Fukushima nuclear accident last year has been characterized as a man-made disaster and not simply due to the tsunami, according to Japanese parliamentary panel in its final report on the disaster. By TEPCO mentioned, the size of the earthquake and tsunami exceeded expectations and can not be predicted to be the main cause of the problem. Japanese Prime Minister apologized to the Fukushima nuclear crisis in the country. Industrial process and operation of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant Unit 1 is a 439 MW boiling water reactor (BWR3) was built in July 1967. Began producing commercial electricity March 26, 1971, and was scheduled to close in March, 2011.Ia damaged during Sendai earthquake and 2011 tsunami. The reactor has a high level of safety and earthquake atom when made, but now both old and outdated. No one knows how bad the earthquake could occur in Japan. Unit 1 is designed for peak ground motion earthquake shakes acceleration of 0.18 g (1.74 m/s2) and seismic response spectra based on Kern County earthquake 1952. All units were inspected after the 1978 Miyagi earthquake when the ground acceleration seismic 0.125 g (1.22 m/s2) for 30 seconds, but no damage to the critical parts of the reactor has been found. And fukushima daiichi unit 2, 3, and 4 is a 784 MW boiling water reactor (BWR). But was commercial operation on July 1974(unit 2), Mac 1976(unit 3), and October 1978(unit 4) Impact of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster From the survey we found that Radiation from Japans Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster may eventually cause anywhere from 15 to 1,300 deaths and from 24 to 2,500 cases of cancer, mostly in Japan, Stanford researchers have calculated. Estimates have a large uncertainty, but the contrast with earlier claims that radioactive emission is unlikely to cause serious health effects. The numbers are in addition to the 600 deaths caused by the evacuation of the area around the nuclear plant immediately after, March 2011 earthquake and tsunami crisis. In March 2011, Japanese officials announced that radioactive iodie-131 exceeding safety limits for infants had been detected in 18 water treatments plants in Tokyo and other provinces. As in July 2011, the Japanese government has been able to contain the spread the radioactive material into the nations food. Radioactive material has been detected in variety of outcomes, including spinach, tea leaves, milk, fish, and meat, up to 200 kilometres from the nuclear plant. In the 12 kilometre evacuation zone around the plant, all farming was abandoned The Fukushima Daiichi meltdown was the most extensive nuclear disaster since Chernobyl. Radiation release critically contaminated a dead zone of several hundred square kilometres around the plant, and low levels of radioactive material were found as far as North America and Europe. But the most of the radioactivity was dumped in the Pacific, only 19 percent of the released material was deposits over land and keeping the exposed population relatively small. There are groups of people who have said there would be no effects. A month after the disaster, the head of the United Nations science committee on the effects of atomic radiation, for example, predicted that there would be no serious public health consequences resulting from the radiation Outline the actions taken by (TEPCO), government and the regulatory body during the occurrence of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Catastrophic Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 resulting humanitarian crisis and a devastating economic impact. The tragedy of 300,000 residents forced to leave their homes in the tohoku region, in addition to the lack of food, water, shelter, medicine and fuel for survivors. To address the crisis, the Japanese government move him self defense forces, while many countries sent search and rescue teams to japan to help search for survivors. Aid organizations in and outside japan also responded, especially the Japanese Red Cross society branches that reported donations of $ 1 billion. Prime Minister Kan visited the plant for a briefing on 12 March. He had been quoted in the press calling for calm and minimizing exaggerated reports of danger. Kan met with Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) on 15 March and lamented the lack of information. According to press accounts, he asked, what the hell is going on? Secretary of Government Yukio Edano stated around 18 March, We could have moved a little quicker in assessing the situation. The Japanese government asked the United States to provide cooling equipment to the plant. As of 15 march, the U.S had provided 3,265 kilograms (7,200 lb) of special equipment, a fire truck to help monitor and assess the situation at the plant. The French nuclear accident reponse organization Groupe INTRA shipped some of its radiation-hardened mobile robot equipment to japan to help with the nuclear accident. At least 130 tonnes of equipment has been shipped to japan. Japan request that Russia send landysh, a floating water decontamination facility originally built with Japanese funding and intended for decommissioning nuclear submarines. After advocates building more reactors, Prime Minister Naoto Kan took increasingly anti-nuclear stance in the months following the Fukushima disaster. In May, he ordered the aging Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plant be closed over earthquake and tsunami fears, and said he would freeze plans to build new reactors Former chiefs of key nuclear safety commissions and government agencies hav apologized for overlooking important nuclear safety concerns. The Japanese government has admitted it failed to keep records of key meetings during the Fukushima nuclear crisis. Such detailed notes are considered a key component of disaster management Effective preventive action to be strengthen by TEPCO Quite a number of issues exist, which need highly specialized nuclear knowledge over a wide range for solving technical and nuclear engineering problems concerning the emergency responses to the accident at TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS, and the then-available disaster preparedness by the government, TEPCO and other organizations. These issues should be reviewed and resolved, results being shaped into concrete actions, through competent knowledge by stakeholders in nuclear power generation. In doing so, they should sincerely take into consideration the recommendations the Investigation. Committee has made and they should do so with accountability to society for its process and results. TEPCO has been pursuing the reduction of risks of nuclear disasters from various perspectives. However, as summarized in the Main Report, almost all functions of the facilities that were expected to operate for accident response were lost in this accident due to the effect of the tsunami which was an unprecedented scale. Since the frameworks and procedure manual for accident response were developed on the premise of using such facilities, responses at the field were forced to adapt to the sudden change of circumstances and they became extremely difficult. As a result, TEPCO was unable to prevent the reactor core damage, which the company regrets deeply. After actually encountering this tsunami, TEPCO now sincerely reflects upon its lack of sufficient prior preparedness, and is determined to steadily put in place countermeasures that are compiled in the Main Report based upon the lessons learned this time. Conclusion In conclusion I would like to propose some recommendation and awareness regarding this Fukushima daiichi nuclear disaster matter: For reforming the crisis management system for a nuclear disaster. Learning from the experience as a result of the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPS, the crisis management system for a nuclear disaster should be urgently reformed, in which the nuclear emergency response manual should be revised assuming an occurrence of a complex disaster combining an earthquake/tsunami disaster and a nuclear accident. In its reforming process, the strengthening of response capabilities of off-site centers, which are supposed to serve as the base for response during a nuclear emergency (hereafter simply referred to as off-site centers), is needed. In addition, it is also required to build a crisis management system by examining how to respond to a situation which a Local Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters cannot handle by convening personnel from relevant emergency response bodies. for the nuclear emergency response headquarters -The emergency response headquarters should, in general, be located close to the accident site where the relevant information is easy to obtain in a nuclear emergency, and the activities at the accident site are easy to grasp. To promptly collect accurate information is, needless to say, the fundamental principle in a nuclear emergency. The government emergency response headquarters should be set up in a way which enables the government people access to the necessary information while staying in government facilities like the Prime Ministers Office, without moving to the nuclear operators head office. For the roles of the prefectural government in nuclear emergency responses. -In a nuclear disaster, the prefectural government should take a responsible role in front, because the damage can extend to a regional size. The nuclear disaster prevention plan should take this point into account. for improving radiation monitoring operations -To ensure that the monitoring system does not fail at critical moments, and to ensure the collection of data and other functions, the system should be designed against various possible events, including not only an earthquake but also a tsunami, storm surge, flood, sediment disasters, volcanic eruptions and gale force winds. Measures should be taken to prevent the system from functional failures even in a complex disaster simultaneously involving two or more such events. Furthermore, measures should be developed to facilitate the relocation of monitoring vehicles and their patrols even in a situation where an earthquake has damaged roads. -Training sessions and other learning opportunities should be enhanced to raise awareness of the functions and importance of the monitoring system among competent authorities and personnel. http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_dan_tsunami_T%C5%8Dhoku_2011 http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/07/120717084900.htm http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akibat_gempa_bumi_dan_tsunami_T%C5%8Dhoku_2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_reaction_to_Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster http://icanps.go.jp/eng/SaishyuRecommendation.pdf